Validation of Landslide Susceptibility Maps; Examples and Applications from a Case Study in Northern Spain

A procedure for validating landslide susceptibility maps wasapplied in a study area in northern Spain and the results obtained compared. Validationwas used to carry out sensitivity analysis for individual variables and combinationsof variables. The validity of different map-making methods was tested, as well as theutility of different types of Favourability Functions. The results obtained show thatvalidation is essential to determine the predictive value of susceptibility maps. Italso helps to better select the most suitable function and significant variables, thus improving the efficiency of the mapping process. Validation based on a temporal strategy makes it possible to derive hazard maps from susceptibility maps.     

Crustal and mantle strengths in continental lithosphere: is the jelly sandwich model obsolete?

The relative importance of the contribution of the lower crust and of the lithospheric mantle to the total strength of the continental lithosphere is assessed systematically for realistic ranges of layer thickness, composition, and temperature. Results are presented as relative strength maps, giving the ratio of the lower crust to upper mantle contribution in terms of crustal thickness and surface heat flow. The lithosphere shows a “jelly sandwich” rheological layering for low surface heat flow, thin to average crustal thickness, and felsic or wet mafic lower crustal compositions. On the other hand, most of the total strength resides in the seismogenic crust in regions of high surface heat flow, crust of any thickness, and dry mafic lower crustal composition.     

矢量地形图拓扑等问题的研究与实践

对矢量地图生产过程中常见的图形拓扑、数据冗余问题进行分析和研究；在此基础上结合生产实践，提出了相应的解决办法。研制了基于AutoCAD2000平台的相关程序。     

附加GIM约束的全球电离层建模

针对目前地基GNSS台站在全球分布不均匀,导致南半球海洋和中高纬地区出现与实际不符的VTEC为负值的问题,利用IGS前1 d的最终GIM作为虚拟观测值对TEC可能为负值的地区进行约束,结合GNSS数据建立全球电离层模型(称为SGG模型),并用2014年200多个IGS台站数据对模型进行验证。结果表明,各台站VTEC的RMS优于3 TECu(赤道异常区域RMS在5~7 TECu)。同时SGG能有效消除南半球海洋(40°~90°S)VTEC为负的情况,且对原有非负VTEC几乎没有影响(其变化小于2 TECu)。SGG的卫星DCB与CODE 相比,RMS和MEAN分别优于0.2 ns和0.04 ns,不同纬度带SGG与CODE的接收机DCB估值变化基本一致,两者之差基本在1 ns以内。     

Seismic microzonation studies for the city of Ragusa (Italy)

The seismic history of the city of Ragusa (Italy), the geotechnical characterisation of the subsoil and the site response analysis should be correctly evaluated for the definition of the Seismic Geotechnical Hazard of the city of Ragusa, through geo-settled seismic microzoning maps. Basing on the seismic history of the city of Ragusa, the following earthquake scenarios have been considered: the “Val di Noto” earthquake of January 11, 1693 (with intensity X–XI on MCS scale, magnitude M_W=7.41 and epicentral distance of about 53 km); the “Etna” earthquake of February 20, 1818 (with intensity IX on MCS scale, magnitude M_W=6.23 and epicentral distance of about 64 km); the Vizzini earthquake of April 13, 1895 (with intensity I=VII–VIII on MCS scale, magnitude M_W=5.86 and epicentral distance of about 26 km); the “Modica” earthquake of January 23, 1980 (with intensity I=V–VI on MCS scale, magnitude M_W=4.58 and epicentral distance of about 10 km); the “Sicilian” earthquake of December 13, 1990 (with intensity I=VII on MCS scale, magnitude M_W=5.64 and epicentral distance of about 50 km). Geotechnical characterisation has been performed by in situ and laboratory tests, with the definition of shear wave velocity profiles in the upper 30 m of soil. Soil response analyses have been evaluated for about 120 borings location by some non-linear 1-D models. Finally the seismic microzonation of the city of Ragusa has been obtained in terms of maps with different peak ground acceleration at the surface; shaking maps for the central area of the city of Ragusa were generated via GIS for the earthquake scenarios.     

地理信息系统在江苏省公益林分布图制作中的应用

运用地理信息系统(GIS)研制了江苏省公益林分布图,总结了公益林分布图制作的原理、方法、技术路线和特点。为江苏省公益林进行信息化管理奠定了基础,为发展高效林业提供了科学的决策和管理平台。     

社会化校园与单位式校园空间的环境认知

中国社会转型带来的改革和建设不断促使大学校园走向开放与多元。针对单位式校园向社会化校园转变的趋势,研究两类校园空间的环境认知,对我国高校今后的发展与建设具有重要的理论意义。文章借鉴环境行为学方法,在探索性研究的基础上,采用调查问卷抽取环境认知与空间行为样本,通过边界与中心认知、行为地图缓冲区分析、网格统计和空间叠置等方法进行定性和定量分析,选取湖南师范大学和中南大学的本部校园作为对比案例,得出以下结论：1）社会化校园在被动地适应社会转型中融入城市系统,导致环境认知差于单位式校园;2）自然地理条件、功能格局和使用者主观意识相互交织,在时间因素的推动下,使社会化校园产生有别于单位式校园的空间行为格局;3）学生认知的发展性和社会转型环境影响的持续性,构建了环境认知与空间行为相互作用的机制。最后简单探讨了对大学校园建设的一些看法。     

遥感影像专题图制作研究

遥感软件有强大的影像处理功能,地理信息软件有强大的矢量功能;由于遥感软件以国外进口软件为主,与国内常用的地理信息基础不适应。通过对遥感影像专题图的制作的研究,有效地解决了遥感软件和国产地理信息软件不匹配的问题,为各类遥感专题图制作提供了有效的技术方法。     

基于Flash技术的网络地图发布研究与应用

分析了网络地图的特点与功能,回顾了网络地图的发展历程,并对现今较为成熟的国内、外网络地图发布技术及其实现方式做了比较研究。在此基础上,结合“深圳市资源节约与综合利用网”企业信息发布的实际需要,采用“Flash”技术,实现了真正意义上的“瘦客户端”的网络地图发布系统。     

中国古代地图的数学基础与地理空间维度认知

从几个典型的中国古地图的数学基础出发,结合相关的数学方法,探讨了中国古人在地理空间维度认知方面走过的历程。认为,当中国古代地图发展到以"计里画方"进行地图绘制时,已经实现了3维地理空间的科学认知。这也是"计里画方"的制图方法可以持续1 000多年的理论依据。