River sediments,great floods and centennial‐scale Holocene climate change

A new analysis of all 346 published ¹⁴C dated Holocene alluvial units in Britain offers a unique insight into the regional impacts of global change and shows how surprisingly sensitive British rivers have been to relatively modest but repeated changes in climate. Fourteen major but probably brief periods of flooding are identified bracketed within the periods 400–1070, 1940–3940, 7520–8100 and at ca. 10 420 cal. yr BP. There is a strong correspondence between climatic deteriorations inferred from mire wet shifts and major periods of flooding, especially at ca. 8000 cal. yr BP and since ca. 4000 cal. yr BP. The unusually long and complete British record also demonstrates that alterations in land cover have resulted in a step change in river basin sensitivity to variations in climate. This has very important implications for assessing and mitigating the impact of increasing severe flooding. In small and medium‐sized river basins land use is likely to play a key role in either moderating or amplifying the climatic signal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

认知导航:新生研讨课程设置及教学实践思考

为深化教育转型改革,提升学员自主学习和主动探究能力,信息工程大学面向大学一年级新生开设了《认知导航探索时空》小班专题讨论课程,文章详细介绍了课程的设置情况、课程的研讨效果,最后就下一步的课程建设提出了几点思考。该次课程的开设是加强学员自主学习能力培养和学术研究基本能力训练的有益尝试,能启发学员对专业学习和探索科学的兴趣,取得了较好的效果,为探索新形势下教育转型改革进行了一次有益的尝试,具有一定的推广价值。     

Understanding historical coastal spit evolution: A case study from Spurn,East Yorkshire,UK

Globally sandy coastlines are threatened by erosion driven by climatic changes and increased storminess. Understanding how they have responded to past storms is key to help manage future coastal changes. Coastal spits around the world are particularly dynamic and therefore potentially vulnerable coastal features. Therefore, how they have evolved over the last few centuries is of great importance. To illustrate this, this study focuses on the historical evolution of a spit at Spurn on the east coast of the UK, which currently provides critical protection to settlements within the Humber estuary. Through the combination of digitized historical mapping and luminescence dating, this study shows that Spurn has been a consistent coastal feature over at least the past 440 years. No significant westward migration was observed for the last 200 years. Results show a long-term extension of the spit and a decrease in its overall area, particularly in the last 50 years. Breaches of the neck cause temporary sediment pathway changes enabling westward extension of the head. Use of digitized historical maps in GIS combined with OSL dating has allowed a more complete understanding of long-term spit evolution and sediment transport modes at Spurn. In doing so it helps inform future possible changes linked to pressures, such as increases in storm events and sea-level rise. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

中国地质学会百年庆典活动标识及使用要求

2022年,中国地质学会迎来了百年华诞,为进一步扩大百年庆典活动的影响力,于2021年6月向社会公开征集活动标识。经遴选,拟启用下图作为中国地质学会百年华诞庆典活动唯一指定标识。     

岩浆作用成矿与找矿学术研讨会在西安召开 ——兼论对小岩体成矿禀赋条件的理解

"小岩体成大矿"是汤中立院士针对岩浆硫化物矿床提出的重要概念,已广为国内外学术界认可,经过多年的发展,这一理论在地质找矿实践中发挥着越来越大的作用。目前,这一成矿理论体系框架、成矿机理、成矿禀赋条件等还在不断完善和丰富中。近期汤中立院士对小岩体成矿禀赋概括为"小、广、大、高、浅(潜)"的5字特征。本文在学习理解小岩体成矿禀赋条件的基础上,对甘肃省部分小岩体成矿特征进行对比,以期在小岩体成矿理论指导下,部署勘查工作,实现地质找矿新突破。     

过去2000年冷暖变化的基本特征与主要暖期

根据近年国内外相关研究结果,分析了北半球与中国过去2000 年冷暖变化的阶段性,辨识了百年尺度暖期的起讫年代及其与20 世纪温暖程度的差别。结果表明:(1) 最近新建的多数北半球温度变化序列显示公元1-270 年温暖;271-840 年冷暖相间,但总体偏冷;841-1290年温暖;1291-1910 年寒冷;1911 年以后再次转为温暖;这些冷暖阶段虽分别与Lamb 指出的罗马暖期(约公元前1 世纪-4 世纪中期)、黑暗时代冷期(约4 世纪末-10 世纪前期)、中世纪暖期(约10 世纪中期-13 世纪末)、小冰期(约15-19 世纪) 以及20 世纪增暖大致对应,但各阶段的起讫时间与Lamb确定的时段存在一定差别。(2) 尽管过去2000 年冷暖变化过程及其变幅大小在中国境内各个区域间并不完全一致,但从全国平均看,中国与北半球百年尺度的冷暖波动阶段基本一致,仅起讫年代存在一定差异;其中公元1-200 年、551-760 年、941-1300 年及20世纪气候相对温暖,其他时段则相对寒冷。(3) 多数序列显示中世纪期间北半球的温暖程度至少与20 世纪相当。中国941-1300 年间的最暖百年和最暖30 年(暖峰) 的温度也略高于20 世纪,551-760 年间的最暖百年与20 世纪基本相当,但1-200 年间最暖百年的温暖程度则较20 世纪略低。     

几种影像坐标系转换方法的应用与比较

结合工程应用实践,分析了平移变换、相似变换、仿射变换等实现影像平面坐标转换的方法,三种方法各有适应范围与优缺点,实际应用中选择哪种变换方法,主要以最大限度保证影像光谱信息不受损失,其次以精度损失最小的平面坐标转换模型为标准,就能得到满足应用需要的成果。     

近160年西北太平洋副高的年代际变化及其对台风年际变化的影响

研究着眼于上百年尺度西太副高及台风活动变化特征,通过统计分析的方法对百年来台风活动特性及其与西太副高的相关性进行分析。结果表明：（1） 近160 a副热带高压的范围增大、强度增强,在1980年前后,副高平均北界明显北抬,西脊点明显西伸,这种变化与经向环流（Hadley环流）和纬向环流（Walker环流）的变化相关,Hadley环流下沉支（wh）对西太副高关键区的副高强度（h）存在正影响,Walker环流上升支（ww）则存在负影响;（2） 各区域1930年后台风影响时长和年频数均增加。而1975—2020年时段西北太平洋台风年平均影响时长与1930—1975年时段相比有所下降,但发生年频率无明显变化;华南地区的年影响时长与年频数没有明显变化,但我国华东沿海地区台风的年影响平均时长与年频数均显著增加。Hadley环流下沉支、Walker环流上升支、副高强度与西北太平洋台风活动范围向西向北伸展及各区域发生频率显著相关,具有一定的指示意义。     

Late glacial to Holocene planktic foraminifera bioevents and climatic record in the South Adriatic Sea

Quantitative analyses of planktic foraminifera, sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs), oxygen isotope and radiocarbon dating from a deep‐sea core recovered in the South Adriatic Sea have been used to reconstruct a subcentennial climatic and biochronological record since the late glacial (the last 24 cal. ka BP). The identification and relative abundance of 25 species of planktic foraminifera along the core have provided a continuous record of the faunal changes over this time interval. These results have permitted the establishment of 10 biozones in the South Adriatic Sea based on the appearance and/or disappearance of the main specific taxa, from peaks of abundance and/or by modification in marine conditions. The robust chronology of the South Adriatic core allowed correlation of SST estimates to the GISP2 ice core record, indicating that the main climate changes recorded in Greenland ice cores over the last 24 ka are recorded and globally synchronous with those observed in the South Adriatic Sea. This finding further allows comparison of the planktic foraminifera record with the event stratigraphic scheme proposed by the INTIMATE group in order to better identify the relationship between past climatic changes and the response of microfaunal assemblages in the South Adriatic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

普通地质学“小班课教学”实践与思考

普通地质学是地质学类各专业的第一门专业基础课程,是引领同学们进入地球科学殿堂的启蒙课。普通地质学内容覆盖面很宽,涵盖了地质学各个分支学科的基础知识,又是一门知识性、理论性和实践性很强的课程,在培养入门者的地质学思维和构建地质学知识结构方面具有重要作用。普通地质学“小班课教学”研讨式授课模式从转变教育理念开始,以学生成长为中心,改革教学内容和课程体系,达到课堂、讨论、实验、野外四位一体,促进理论与实践的紧密结合。激发了学生的学习兴趣、求知动力与探索精神;培养和提升了学生自主学习、创新思考、交流表达和团队合作等能力;达到综合性、高层次、复合型地学人才培养目标,切实提高了本科人才培养质量。