生物肥部分替代化肥对甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)养分吸收、光合作用以及品质的影响

采用大田试验,研究了化肥减量20%~40%、配施生物肥对春茬甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)生长、养分吸收利用、光合作用以及品质的影响。结果表明:与当地施肥量(底肥:N 139.2kg·hm-2,P2O5255kg·hm-2,K2O 93.6kg·hm-2;追肥:N 208.8kg·hm-2)相比,化肥减量并配施生物肥使甘蓝生长前期、后期的茎粗变小;对甘蓝的叶片数、冠幅投影面积无显著影响;叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率均与对照无显著差异;促进了甘蓝叶球生长,叶球中硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量降低,Vc含量增加;甘蓝叶球、叶片和根系氮含量降低,氮在叶球分配的比例提高,在叶片、根系分配的比例降低。化肥减量并配施生物肥提高了幼苗株高、增加了茎粗,气孔导度和净光合速率升高,降低了硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量、叶球氮含量和根系的钾含量。     

Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from seagrass rhizosphere soil

Phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains(6 Nos.) were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of two seagrasses(Halophila ovalis(R.Br.) Hook and Halodule pinifolia(Miki) Hartog) in the Vellar estuary.Experimental studies found that the strain PSSG6 was effective in phosphate solubilization with Phosphate Solubilization efficiency index E = 375 ± 8.54,followed by the strain PSSG5 with Phosphate Solubilization efficiency index E = 275 ± 27.3.Of the 6 strains isolated,the strains PSSG4 and PSSG5 be-longed to the genus Bacillus,and PSSG1,PSSG2 and PSSG3 were identified as Citrobacter sp.,Shigella sp.,and Klebsiella sp.,respectively,by conventional method,and PSSG6 was identified as Bacillus circulans using conventional and molecular methods.     

浒苔生物肥的制备及其对青菜品质影响的研究

以浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)为腐熟原料,利用EM-W菌剂,研究料水比和碳氮比(C/N)对浒苔腐熟的影响。将腐熟完全的浒苔配制成浒苔生物肥,研究其对青菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino)品质的影响。结果表明,浒苔腐熟的最佳条件为料水比为1∶2.0、C/N为30∶1。此条件下,浒苔腐熟最高温度到64℃,45℃以上温度维持4~5d,具有升温迅速、温度高、周期短、组织降解彻底、无明显臭味的特点。在种植青菜过程中,施用5t/hm2的浒苔生物肥,相比对照处理组,青菜的鲜重、还原糖和β-胡萝卜素含量分别增加14.4%、25.0%和20.3%,显著增加了青菜的产量、提高了青菜的品质。浒苔肥的利用可减少无机化肥的施用量,改善土壤环境,达到减轻土壤环境污染的目的。     

解磷菌分离及其对内蒙古布龙图低品位磷矿利用研究

从内蒙古布龙图磷矿区表层土壤中取样,分离得到了几个解磷菌株,测定了每个菌株的解磷能力.分离的芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)A20、AC2013和AC2015,对Ca3(PO4)2和磷矿石粉中磷的分解率为21%～25%,它们对磷的分解具有协同效应.用A20和AC2013的菌液制成的生物复合磷肥施于马铃薯,增产23.08%,微生物法将成为利用北方低品位磷矿的有效途径之一.