辽宁阜新北部至内蒙古库伦旗地区第四系冲、洪积沉积特征

辽宁阜新北部至内蒙古库伦旗地区的第四系冲、洪积地层分布广泛,但由于冲、洪积物岩性、岩相比较单调,在纵、横向上变化快,不易进行深入的研究.根据成因、孢粉以及形成时代将研究区第四系冲、洪积物划分出中更新统冲积物、上更新统冲洪积物、下全新统冲洪积物、中全新统冲积物、上全新统冲积物5个填图单位.不同时期的冲、洪积物沉积特征及沉积环境各具特色,形成了不同的地貌特征.确定冲、洪积物的沉积标志,并对其进行详细的划分,可以为研究区甚至我国整个北方地区提供第四系冲、洪积物各方面深入研究的资料.     

Estimation of actual evapotranspiration from an alluvial aquifer of the Kouris catchment (Cyprus) using continuous streamflow records

The Kouris catchment is located in the south of the Troodos massif in Cyprus. The hydrology is driven by a Mediterranean climate, a mountainous topography, and a complex distribution of hydrogeological properties resulting from complex geology. To quantify the regional water balance further, a simple method using continuous streamflow records in the River Limnatis (Kouris catchment) was applied to calculate the actual evapotranspiration rate in the dry seasons. It was found that daily cycles of streamflow, recorded by automatic pressure logger, were caused by direct evaporation from the groundwater table and by transpiration of riparian forest. The daily amounts of ‘missing’ streamflow were calculated for the period 30 October–4 November 2001 and were extrapolated to the entire dry season and to the whole Kouris catchment. The actual evapotranspiration rate from the alluvial aquifer of the region is 2·4 ± 0·5 Mm³ for April–September 2001. The validity of the assumptions and the uncertainties in the estimates used in the method are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

威海市杨家滩水源地地下水资源评价

本文分析了威海市杨家滩不源地第四系冲洪积－海相沉积物分规律和水文地质特征；在此基础上，应用有限单元方法进行了地下水量评价和预测水源地地下水位的变化趋势；提出了最优开采方案。     

深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力分析

针对强震区深厚覆盖层上高土石坝的特点,在三维真非线性有效应力地震反应分析基础上,提出了一套深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力的研究方法。从稳定、变形、防渗体安全等方面,对建在深厚覆盖层上的长河坝高心墙堆石坝的极限抗震能力进行了研究和分析。根据坝坡稳定性、地震残余变形、液化可能性、单元抗震安全性、防渗心墙及坝基防渗墙安全等多角度的评价结果,初步认为,长河坝的极限抗震能力为0.50～0.55g。     

冻土力学发展的新领域——深土冻土力学

Based on the practice of artificial freezing engineering in deep alluvium and simulation tests, it is found that there exists an obvious difference between frozen soil mechanics for shallow alluvium and for deep alluvium. The concept of frozen soil mechanics for deep alluvium, its research topics and methods are presented in this paper.     

Confirming geomorphological interpretations based on portable OSL reader data

Portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) readers are increasingly being used in geomorphological and archaeological investigations, but information regarding data reproducibility and the reliability of interpretations based on portable OSL reader data has not yet been presented to the wider geomorphological community. This Letter addresses these two issues by returning to Grabben Gullen Creek in the southeastern Australian Tablelands where we remeasure a sediment profile that was first measured by other researchers 3 years earlier. We also compare portable OSL reader data measured on sediment interpreted to have been deposited in swampy meadow wetlands and flood alluvium settings with data measured on known swampy meadow and flood deposits. Our data show that portable OSL reader data are reproducible. Moreover, we confirm the earlier interpretation that stratigraphies commonly exposed in southeastern Australian Tablelands valley bottoms reflect pre‐European swampy meadow wetlands and flood alluvium. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深厚表土层中高强复合井壁结构的试验研究

针对煤矿立井井筒深厚表土层的支护,提出了采用双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁结构。通过模型试验,得到了这种井壁结构的应力特性和强度特征,通过理论分析和试验结果给出了双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁承载力的计算公式,从而,为该种井壁结构的实际应用提供了设计依据。其研究成果已在4个井筒中得到了成功地应用。     

Fluvial sedimentary history of Arlington Canyon,Channel Islands National Park,California

Arlington Canyon, in the northwest part of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California, has been the setting for important scientific discoveries over the past half century, including the oldest human remains in North America, several vertebrate fossil sites, and purported evidence of a catastrophic extinction event at the end of the Pleistocene. The canyon is filled with alluvial sediments that date to between 16.4 and 1.1 ka (thousands of calibrated years before present), representing accumulation that occurred primarily in response to rising sea levels during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The deposits are laterally discontinuous, exhibit a high degree of sedimentary complexity, and contain evidence of past climates and environments, including fossil bones, burned plant macrofossils, and invertebrate microfossils. Here, we show that it is critical to view the observations, data, and conclusions of scientific studies conducted in the canyon within this larger context so that localized facets of the spatially and temporally extensive alluvial deposits are not misinterpreted or misrepresented. By improving the baseline understanding of processes and drivers of sediment accumulation in Arlington Canyon, we hope to offer a solid foundation and better underpinning for future archeological, paleontological, and geochemical studies here and throughout the northern Channel Islands. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

黄金坪水电站深厚覆盖层跟管钻进工艺研究

结合大渡河黄金坪电站深厚覆盖层帷幕灌浆试验项目需要,对深厚覆盖层跟76 m深套管护壁钻进这一高难度技术进行攻关研究,并提出两级跟管的钻孔结构,圆满实现了试验灌浆孔非灌段跟76 m深套管的目标,为今后类似工程跟管施工提供了重要的参考借鉴作用。     

Changing hillslope and fluvial Holocene sediment dynamics in a Belgian loess catchment

Floodplain deposition is an essential part of the Holocene sediment dynamics of many catchments and a thorough dating control of these floodplain deposits is therefore essential to understand the driving forces of these sediment dynamics. In this paper we date floodplain and colluvial deposition in the Belgian Dijle catchment using accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon and optical stimulated luminescence dating. Relative mass accumulation curves for the Holocene were constructed for three colluvial sites and 12 alluvial sites. A database was constructed of all available radiocarbon ages of the catchment and this database was analysed using relative sediment mass accumulation rates and cumulative probability functions of ages and site‐specific sedimentation curves. Cumulative probability functions of ages were split into different depositional environments representing stable phases and phases of accelerated clastic deposition. The results indicate that there is an important variation between the different dated sites. After an initial stable early and middle Holocene phase with mainly peat growth in the floodplains, clastic sedimentation rates increased from 4000 BC on. This first phase was more pronounced and started somewhat earlier for colluvial deposits then for alluvial deposits. The main part of the Holocene deposits, both in colluvial and alluvial valleys, was deposited during the last 1 ka. The sedimentation pattern of the individual dated sites and the catchment‐wide pattern indicate that land use changes are responsible for the main variations in the Holocene sediment dynamics of this catchment, while the field data do not provide indications for a climatological influence on the sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.