长江三角洲地区1万年以来洪水与气候变化的关系

对长江三角洲地区埋藏古树、泥炭以及海相贝壳测年资料作了分析，结果表明，长江下游地区1万年以来古洪水的发生与气候变化有着密切的联系，洪水频繁发生的时期往往也是气候转型期。由于长江三角洲地区地势低平这一地貌特征使海面变化对于研究区洪水发生有着重要的影响，气候变化导致的海面上升对长江下游河段径流的顶托作用导致河流上溯以及地面排水不畅，导致洪水发生频率加大以及洪水灾害程度的加强，以至于出现“小水大灾”的现象。长江三角洲地区古洪水发生频率与美洲地区古洪水发生频率的对比研究结果表明，长江三角洲地区乃至整个长江流域在大的气候变化趋势上与全球其他地区可能有着遥相关关系，既有全球气候变化的特点，同时又具有区域响应的特征。     

环嵩山地区9000-3000aBP聚落分布与区域构造的关系

利用GIS叠置分析与统计分析,按照裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商四个时期对环嵩山地区9000-3000 aBP 聚落分布特征与区域构造及地貌的之间关系进行分析。结果显示,早期聚落分布与区域构造存在密切的关系,构造活动深刻影响着区域地形的高低起伏与地势的陡峭和缓,而早期聚落选址对于平坦地形的偏好使得聚落分布时空特征形成过程中与区域构造密切相关。由于主要受正断层控制,环嵩山地区东部华北坳陷与嵩箕台隆地带呈整体抬升与下降特征,区域发育有大量断块山地丘陵、断陷盆地、平原等地势平坦的地貌单元,大量早期聚落分布于这一区域,甚至一些海拔较高、顶部平坦的山地、丘陵顶部也有早期聚落分布。而边缘地带的熊耳山、外方山、伏牛山等区域,由于多为褶皱控制的褶皱构造山地,区域平坦地形较少,早期聚落则分布较少。环嵩山地区9000-3000 aBP聚落分布与区域构造关系研究表明,早期人类与自然环境的交互作用中,环境起到基础性作用,其为人类活动提供了不同自然条件的多种舞台。而人类活动在这一过程中具有主观能动性,其通常依据自身的文化特征,选择适合自身发展的自然环境栖息、生活。     

Environmental archaeology on Longshan Culture （4500-4000 aBP） at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province

Based on the samples collected from the west wall of the ABYT2004 at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu,Anhui Province,the multi-environmental substitute indexes such as the grain-size,Rb/Sr,zircon crystal morphology and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed.The age of archaeological strata was determined by AMS14C dating.According to the results,combined with the information of the ancient human activities and the cultural heritage data obtained from the Longshan cultural archaeological strata,it can be concluded tha...     

河西走廊4200年以来青铜冶炼的元素地球化学记录

金属的使用与冶炼是人类社会发展过程中一项革命性事件。河西走廊地区全新世条湖湖相沉积元素地球化学记录显示,10500-9500cal aBP和8000-7200cal aBP时段Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni元素含量高值区,分别对应了早全新世增温期冰川融水量增加和全新世适宜期季风降水的增强。Cu、As、Pb、Zn、Ni含量在4200-3700cal aBP时段出现最高峰值,另外Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni4种元素在3000-2700和2100-1900cal aBP时段出现较高峰值。4200-3700cal aBP时段元素异常记录了我国西北地区最早的青铜冶炼,As元素是这一时期青铜合金的主要成份。另外,西周时期(3000-2700cal aBP)和汉代(2100-1900cal aBP)Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni元素峰值,可能是先民青铜冶炼的结果。元素地球化学记录不仅可以判定早期青铜冶炼的起迄时间,也提供了甄别不同时代青铜合金元素组成变化的信息。     

Environmental archaeology on Longshan Culture (4500–4000 aBP) at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province

Based on the samples collected from the west wall of the ABYT2004 at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province, the multi-environmental substitute indexes such as the grain-size, Rb/Sr, zircon crystal morphology and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed. The age of archaeological strata was determined by AMS14C dating. According to the results, combined with the information of the ancient human activities and the cultural heritage data obtained from the Longshan cultural archaeological strata, it can be concluded that (1) Before 4500 aBP, the climate was humid and water level was high in the Huaihe River and its tributaries, the drainage basin and its surrounding areas were even flooded, so the site area was submerged and there were no human activities around the site. (2) About 4500 aBP, the climate began to become drier and water level of the Huaihe River and its tributaries began to decline, thus floodplain gradually appeared, Yuhuicun Site and Longshan Culture began to appear. (3) Around 4100 aBP, the climate was humid and rainfall was abundant, which resulted in frequent flood disasters in the whole Huaihe River Basin. (4) After 4100 aBP, the climate gradually transited to be cold and dry, agricultural production was constrained to reduce the food source, Yuhuicun Site was almost abandoned. (5) The environmental information in sedimentary strata and historical records based on ancient books agree with each other. In addition, Yuhuicun Site was related to Dayu Zhishui (Yu the Great in taming the floods) in ancient books.