Sedimentation rates in the Wanggang salt marshes, Jiangsu

1 IntroductionLand-ocean interaction in coastalzone is one of the key m atters of the International G eosphereand Biosphere Program (IG BP). The key problem s of the second phase in the next decadeinclude the m aterial cycle, the system evolution process …     

苏北王港近岸表层沉积物元素地球化学特征与环境意义

对王港河河道及河口附近潮滩典型地貌部位表层沉积物粒度、常量和微量元素进行分析,结果表明：潮滩和河道近岸沉积物为粘土质粉砂,粒度分布频率曲线在平均高潮线附近的沉积物为双峰态外,其余为单峰态。互花米草滩沉积物中常量和微量元素(Al2O3,TiO2,CaO,Fe2O3,K2O,MgO,MnO和Cu,Rb,Pb,As,Zn)均表现出相对富积的特征,盐蒿滩次之,反映海岸带互花米草在削浪促淤的过程中,对重金属污染有效吸附作用比盐蒿潮滩滩大。SiO2化学性质比较稳定,对沉积地貌动力的响应比较显著,近岸高潮线附近和河道中主洪道沉积物SiO2含量明显偏高。河闸上游河道沉积物中烧失量、磷(P2O5)、硫(稳定态SO3)的含量最高,反映流域营养盐在水闸以上河段沉积物中富积,重金属元素Rb,Pb,As,Ba在河道沉积物中与地壳风度相比表现为富集。王港附近潮滩表层沉积物物质组成不仅与王港河、黄河及长江的物质来源有关,而且与古潮滩沉积再搬运、再沉积以及人类围垦及排放污染活动有关。As,S是该区主要的污染元素。     

江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率

Coastal salt-marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. The total area of coastal wetlands exceeds 5000 km2 in Jiangsu Province, China, but it is decreasing rapidly in response to the intense reclamation activities and coastal erosion along a part of the coastline. Hence, two types of plants, Spartina angelica and Spartina alterniflora, were introduced successively into the Jiangsu coastal areas, in order to protect the coastline from erosion and to increase the accumulation rate. Pb-210 and Cs-137 analyses were carried out for sediment samples from the salt-marshes of Wanggang to determine the sedimentation rate, on the basis of an evaluation of the background activity values and the factors affecting the enrichment of Pb-210. Analysis of a typical sediment column of the tidal flat shows that there is weak absorption of Pb-210 in the silt-dominated sediment. Because of the influences of factors such as storm events, bioturbation, material sources and analytical error, some abnormal data points appear in the Pb-210 record. After ignoring these data the calculated sedimentation rate was 3.3 cm yr-1 on average. Based upon analysis of the Cs-137 dating, the rate since 1963 was 3.1 cm yr-1 on average, similar to the data by Pb-210 dating and the previous studies. The dating results show that there were three stages of sedimentation, with the most rapid accretion being taking place after Spartina angelica was introduced into the area. The study also shows that at the stage of Spartina alterniflora growth, the accretion rate was higher than on the flat surface with the same elevation without the cover of this plant.     

江苏王港潮滩重金属Pb、Zn和Cu的累积规律

对15年来江苏王港潮滩重金属Pb、Zn和Cu积累规律研究表明,王港潮滩WG05点位现代平均沉积速率为4.13 cm/a。王港潮间带重金属垂直方向的含量具有趋同性,从表层向下逐步降低,具有明显的表聚和亚表聚特征,王港潮滩Fe与Li的相关系数非常显著,超过了0.90,这些潮滩重金属来自岩石风化的可能性较大;Pb、Cu、Al则与铁元素呈负相关,表明王港潮滩沉积物中的重金属Pb、Cu的含量受人为因素的影响较大。归一化后,Cu、Zn的归一化值在15年内相当稳定,其中Cu的波动范围在0.4~2之间,Zn在1.5~2.6之间狭小的范围内波动;这说明王港潮滩的Cu、Zn积累主要来自于地壳风化,受物源和沉积环境等自然因素控制较大,受人类活动影响较小。而Pb归一化以后在4个柱状样中都表现出随时间的变化发生了较大的波动。Pb、Cu为该区域的主要污染因子。     

江苏王港潮间带表层沉积物特征及输运趋势

潮滩沉积物粒度参数可以用来反映沉积物沉积的水动力条件和沉积环境。根据对江苏王港潮间带采集的15 4个表层样品的粒度资料进行分析,结果表明,沉积物类型以粉砂为主;随着水动力环境由海向陆的减弱,沉积物粒度参数表现出有规律的变化趋势,即由岸向海粒径具有粗化趋势,分选变好,逐渐正偏并达到近对称。研究区与世界其他地区的潮滩在沉积特征上有较大差异,主要是由于沉积物来源、水动力环境及受生物作用的强弱程度不同所致。沉积物输运趋势分析显示,该地区沉积物输运主要受当地潮波特征、大型人工建筑物、地貌形态及生物作用的影响;在低潮线附近主要向西北方向输运,随着向陆地方向的延伸,沉积物由向西输运逐渐转变为向南输运。     

王港潮滩重金属Pb、Zn和Cu积累规律及污染评价

对15年来王港潮滩重金属Pb 、Zn、Cu积累规律和污染状况进行了研究,第一次测到了王港地区²¹⁰Pb的本底值为1.16dpm/g,校正了前人对王港地区沉积速率的研究。研究表明,王港潮滩现代平均沉积速率为4.13cm/a;王港潮滩重金属垂直方向的含量变化具有趋同性; Cu、Zn的归一化值在15年内相对Pb的归一化值稳定,其中Cu的波动范围在0.4~2之间,Zn在1.5~2.6之间狭小的范围内波动;Pb归一化以后在4个柱状样中,都表现出随时间的变化发生了较大的波动,可能受人类活动影响较大。采用瑞典科学家Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对王港潮滩重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价分析,并与单因子指数评价比较,对王港污染状况进行综合性的评价。结果显示,Pb为该区域的主要污染因子。王港近岸海域表层沉积物中Cｕ 、Pｂ、Zn的潜在生态危害指数均小于95,总体王港潮滩重金属污染状况属于潜在轻微生态危害。     

Sedimentation rates in the Wanggang salt marshes, Jiangsu

Coastal salt-marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. The total area of coastal wetlands exceeds 5000 km2 in Jiangsu Province, China, but it is decreasing rapidly in response to the intense reclamation activities and coastal erosion along a part of the coastline. Hence, two types of plants, Spartina angelica and Spartina alterniflora, were introduced successively into the Jiangsu coastal areas, in order to protect the coastline from erosion and to increase the accumulation rate. Pb-210 and Cs-137 analyses were carried out for sediment samples from the salt-marshes of Wanggang to determine the sedimentation rate, on the basis of an evaluation of the background activity values and the factors affecting the enrichment of Pb-210. Analysis of a typical sediment column of the tidal flat shows that there is weak absorption of Pb-210 in the silt-dominated sediment. Because of the influences of factors such as storm events, bioturbation, material sources and analytical error, some abnormal data points appear in the Pb-210 record. After ignoring these data the calculated sedimentation rate was 3.3 cm yr-1 on average. Based upon analysis of the Cs-137 dating, the rate since 1963 was 3.1 cm yr-1 on average, similar to the data by Pb-210 dating and the previous studies. The dating results show that there were three stages of sedimentation, with the most rapid accretion being taking place after Spartina angelica was introduced into the area. The study also shows that at the stage of Spartina alterniflora growth, the accretion rate was higher than on the flat surface with the same elevation without the cover of this plant.     

江苏王港潮间带表层碳酸盐的沉积特征

利用容量法对江苏王港淤泥质海岸潮间带夏季表层沉积物碳酸盐的含量进行测定。结果表明，碳酸盐含量的空间分布呈现出由岸向海方向递减的大趋势；相关分析表明，总的碳酸盐含量与沉积物的平均粒径有比较显著的相关关系(α=0．01)；沉积物组分及粒径频率曲线对比分析表明王港潮间带表层沉积物碳酸盐主要富集于细颗粒部分，潮水沟系统和生物作用(尤其是有孔虫)加强了碳酸盐在细颗粒部分的富集。沉积物碳酸盐含量可以作为物源分析的一个指标，王港地区沉积物碳酸盐含量表明该地区沉积物主要来源于废黄河三角洲和现代黄河的输入，长江输入的沉积物较少。