基于ISSR分子标记数据的兰州百合核心种质构建方法研究

利用ISSR分析获得的数据,研究了依据Nei & Li、SM和Jaccard遗传距离,采用UPGMA聚类法进行逐步聚类筛选核心种质的效果,并最终采用SM遗传距离逐步聚类从175份兰州百合种质中筛选出了37份核心种质。保留了初始种质21.14%的样品,多态性位点数、多态性位点百分率、Nei's遗传多样性指数和Shannon's信息指数的保留率分别为96.08%、96.59%、105.27%、103.62%,t检验表明核心种质的Nei's遗传多样性指数和Shannon's信息指数与原种质没有显著差异,表明构建的核心种质能很好的代表原始种质的遗传多样性。     

Hydrophytes of the oases in the Sierra de la Giganta of Central Baja California Sur, Mexico: Floristic composition and conservation status

One of the features of the Sierra de la Giganta mountain range is the existence of many small riparian wetlands (oases) along drainage channels. There are no geohydrological studies from which to determine their dynamics in the arid environment, but these areas confront increasing water extraction to satisfy demands of small local settlements. This study compiled a checklist of the hydrophytes from 12 representative oases, and discusses their current status on the basis of composition, richness, and species characteristics. Floristic composition (absence–presence of 57 hydrophytes) at each location was classified by using UPGMA to represent a dendrogram of group cohesivity. Two major kinds of locations are present. By analysing individual site characteristics, we found that one group occurs in places under “good conservation conditions” and the other composed of locations that are “impacted” in several ways. The former group contains oases that are relatively rich in species, including most of the aquatic forms, which are sensitive to disturbance. Geographical affinity of the floristic list reveals that most species have a broad distribution, mostly in tropical America.     

单环刺螠(Urechis unicinctus)微卫星标记开发及5个地理种群遗传结构分析

采用高通量测序法从单环刺螠基因组中开发微卫星标记,并通过一个秦皇岛单环刺螠野生群体对其进行多态性评价,利用获得的多态性引物对秦皇岛、烟台、潍坊、青岛、大连5个不同海区的野生单环刺螠群体进行了遗传多样性及遗传结构分析。结果表明:本实验设计的50个微卫星标记能稳定扩增的有38个,其中22个微卫星位点在5个群体中均表现为高多态性,等位基因数(Na)介于24—44之间,多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.921—0.967之间。5个群体总的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)范围为6.629—8.850,平均观测杂合度(Ho)和平均期望杂合度(He)范围分别为0.790—0.912、0.851—0.896,大连群体的杂合度最大(H_e=0.8962),潍坊群体的最小(H_e=0.8510),其中有12个微卫星位点在不同群体中出现显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡的现象。平均遗传分化指数(FST)表明,群体分化水平处于中等分化水平(FST值为0.0880—0.1136);聚类分析显示烟台群体先与青岛群体聚为一支,再与秦皇岛群体聚类,然后跟潍坊群体聚为一支,大连群体单独聚为一支;遗传距离模式(IBD)显示单环刺螠群体的地理距离与遗传距离间不存在显著的线性关系。本研究开发的22对微卫星标记可以用于单环刺螠遗传结构分析研究,为下一步单环刺螠种质资源保护和人工繁育提供参考依据。