新疆哈密地区近54a日照时数的均一性分析及其影响因素

以新疆哈密地区1961-2014年6个气象观测站地面气象观测资料为依据,利用线性趋势分析、相关性分析、M-K突变检验分析等方法,对哈密地区近54a四季及年平均日照时数的变化趋势、异常年份、突变检验及影响因子进行分析,得出以下结论：近54a哈密地区春季与年平均日照时数均呈上升趋势,而夏、秋、冬季变化比较平稳;年日照时数异常偏少出现在1998年,但从未出现过异常偏多年;年日照时数在1973年和2008年发生两次突变,减少、增加趋势不显著;年、春季日照时数增加与低云量的减少关系密切。     

一种利用积分球原理的日照计新方案

该文提出了一种利用积分球原理设计的新型日照传感器。该传感器由限角挡环、积分球体和光电探测器组成。积分球为一有5个针孔的空心正球体。针孔可阻挡散射光进入球内，而射入球内的直射光，经内壁多次漫反射后，其亮度呈均匀分布。与日照阈值下相应的亮度相比较可确定日照之有无。该日照传感器具有无转动部件、结构简单、无需调整及便于操作等优点。     

高耸钢筋砼结构日照变形监测与初步分析

本文叙述了高耸钢筋砼结构日照变形的监测方法与监测过程，初步总结出了日照变形的基本规律。     

The relationships between earthquakes and positions of the sun and moon（Ⅱ）——Sometemporalcharacteristicsoftheaftershocksequencesofstrongearthquakes

Ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｓｂｅｔｗｅｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓａｎｄｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｕｎａｎｄｍｏｏｎ（Ⅱ）——Ｓｏｍｅｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅａｆｔｅｒｓｈｏｃｋｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｏｆｓｔｒｏｎｇｅ...     

脉冲电镀金刚石钻头试验研究

介绍脉冲电镀在人造金刚石孕镶钻头上的应用研究，探讨脉冲电镀机理，采用正交试验法优化脉冲电镀工艺参数；研制了脉冲电镀钻头，生产钻头周期缩短了３０％。在室内和野外生产试验中，发现脉冲电镀钻头较直流电镀钻头有如下优点：钻进地层适用范围广、钻进时效高。     

1961-2010年河北省太阳直接辐射时空分布特征研究

利用1961-2010年河北省周边7个太阳辐射观测站的资料,拟合得出相对精确的河北省太阳直接辐射经验公式,分析了河北省太阳直接辐射时空变化特征。结果表明：河北省近50 a来太阳直接辐射年总量总体呈明显的下降趋势。其中,下降幅度相对较大的石家庄为25%,下降幅度相对较小的唐山为11%。河北省水平面太阳直接辐射年总量近50 a平均值空间差异较大,<2540MJ·m^-2 主要分布在邢台南部,>3510MJ·m^-2 主要分布在张家口西北部,大部分地区介于2540-3300MJ·m^-2 。河北省太阳能资源开发利用潜力比较大的区域主要在张家口的坝上地区。     

Temporal variations of reference evapotranspiration and controlling factors: Implications for climatic drought in karst areas

Variations in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) and drought characteristics play a key role in the effect of climate change on water cycle and associated ecohydrological patterns. The accurate estimation of ET₀ is still a challenge due to the lack of meteorological data and the heterogeneity of hydrological system. Although there is an increasing trend in extreme drought events with global climate change, the relationship between ET₀ and aridity index in karst areas has been poorly studied. In this study, we used the Penman–Monteith method based on a long time series of meteorological data from 1951 to 2015 to calculate ET₀ in a typical karst area, Guilin, Southwest China. The temporal variations in climate variables, ET₀ and aridity index (AI) were analyzed with the Mann–Kendall trend test and linear regression to determine the climatic characteristics, associated controlling factors of ET₀ variations, and further to estimate the relationship between ET₀ and AI. We found that the mean, maximum and minimum temperatures had increased significantly during the 65-year study period, while sunshine duration, wind speed and relative humidity exhibited significant decreasing trends. The annual ET₀ showed a significant decreasing trend at the rate of ?8.02 mm/10a. However, significant increase in air temperature should have contributed to the enhancement of ET₀, indicating an “evaporation paradox”. In comparison, AI showed a slightly declining trend of ?0.0005/a during 1951–2015. The change in sunshine duration was the major factor causing the decrease in ET₀, followed by wind speed. AI had a higher correlation with precipitation amount, indicating that the variations of AI was more dependent on precipitation, but not substantially dependent on the ET₀. Although AI was not directly related to ET₀, ET₀ had a major contribution to seasonal AI changes. The seasonal variations of ET₀ played a critical role in dryness/wetness changes to regulate water and energy supply, which can lead to seasonal droughts or water shortages in karst areas. Overall, these findings provide an important reference for the management of agricultural production and water resources, and have an important implication for drought in karst regions of China.     

Jordan日照记录阈值分析

本文是通过10个月的日射、日照资料对比观测、统计的乔唐、康氏和光电式日照计记录阈值的平均值和标准偏差,分析了乔唐日照计进光孔径、涂药方式对感光迹线的影响,测定了感光药的吸收光谱,并根据日出日没时直接日射辐照度的平均变化率,估算了由阈值的不确定度引起的日照时数的误差,从而为我国几十年的乔唐日照资料的评价提供依据。     

石羊河流域近50 a来日照时数的时空变化特征分析

 基于石羊河流域5个气象站点1959—2008年的日照时数资料,采用气候倾向率分析、Kriging空间插值、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析等方法对石羊河流域日照时数的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,近50 a来,石羊河流域年日照时数呈显著增加趋势,其变化倾向率为33.9 h/10a;四季日照时数均呈增加趋势,春季增加最显著,对年日照时数的贡献率最大,冬季次之。石羊河流域日照时数空间差异显著,表现为年日照时数自南向北递增。突变分析表明,1987年为日照时数的突变年。Morlet小波分析表明,石羊河流域年日照时数存在8 a的显著周期。