塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘绿洲沙物质粒度特征

运用沉积物的粒度分析方法，研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘绿洲不同类型沙样的粒度参数、粒度频率分布、平均粒径对标准差特性图等粒度特征及其空间关系，为查明沙源物质的性质和风力作用状况，分析风沙运动及风沙地貌形成，建立绿洲防护体系提供依据。     

The importance of semi-arid natural mountain pastures for feed intake and recycling of nutrients by traditionally managed goats on the Arabian Peninsula

Goat husbandry in Oman’s Hajar Mountains supplies income and manure to farmers. An earlier analysis concluded that it uses purchased feeds inefficiently, but did not value the contribution of mountain pastures to goat nutrition and cropland fertilization. Therefore intake of pasture vegetation, cultivated forages and purchased feeds was determined in goats from three villages in spring and autumn 2005. Faecal excretion was quantified using TiO₂ and diet digestibility was calculated from faecal nitrogen (N).Organic matter (OM) intake varied from 71 to 107 g kg^−0.75 d⁻¹. Pasture vegetation supplied 45-71% of OM intake, and at least 28%, 33% and 42% of phosphorus (P), metabolizable energy (ME) and N intake. While ME intake just covered maintenance and locomotion requirements, N and P intake exceeded the animals’ requirements. Therefore faecal concentrations (g kg⁻¹ OM) of 26-36 g N and 4-8 g P were high, making goat dung a key element of sustainability for the local cropping systems.Since mountain pastures supply nutrients to goats and cropland, their long-term productivity is crucial. Feeding cultivated forages seemingly reduces intake on pasture, but a comprehensive evaluation of nutritional and economic implications of this strategy and possible alternatives is needed.     

Baja California peninsula oases: An agro-biodiversity of isolation and integration

Agro-biodiversity in the desert oases of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico is a product of isolation and integration events through time and across peninsular spaces. Historic inventories of agricultural introductions provide a baseline from which to measure Mission-era crop persistence or genetic erosion in fifteen missions established during the Jesuit occupation (1697–1768). These mission-oases function as a network of interconnected sites supporting cultivated plant assemblages isolated from one another and the Mexican mainland by a desert matrix, by limited transportation infrastructure on the peninsula, and the surrounding sea. Garden surveys of perennial crop species and farmer interviews reveal that oases serve as refugia of Mission-era crop species and traditional knowledge. Isolation-connectivity analyses indicate that this agro-biodiversity disappears at the extremes: The most isolated and the fully integrated oases are unable to support heritage perennial crop species and traditional farming systems over long time scales. We describe how phases and processes of isolation and connectivity transform agro-biodiversity composition in this archipelago of peninsula oases and explore policy applications that could preserve this critical diversity and the rare and available oasis communities.     

Date palm as a keystone species in Baja California peninsula,Mexico oases

Based on historical records, Jesuit missionaries were the first to introduce date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., Arecacea) to the mission oases of the Mexican Baja California peninsula. Seedling date palms readily naturalized and have partially, and in some cases almost entirely replaced the native fan palm, Washingtonia filifera and Washingtonia robusta in the oases. These wild and introduced palms form the over-story for smaller cultivated trees, shrubs, and open gardens of mixed perennial and annual cultivars in complex agro-ecosystems. They also grow in dense stands along the oases arroyos where they may be “owned” by various oasis residents and semi- to carefully managed, or comprise wild populations beyond the periphery of the oasis settlements. These palms serve as ecological and cultural keystone species, altering oasis microclimates and providing shade for understory crops, shelter and food resources for resident and migratory fauna, and building materials and food for oasis human residents. I explore the agro-ecological role of the date palm in Baja California peninsula oases.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘水资源开发与绿洲生态环境负效应

主要讨论塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的自然环境特点、水资源及其开发利用，揭示在百年来气候变化和人类活动影响下，特别是近50年来，对沙漠南缘的生态脆弱带的绿洲产生明显的生态环境负效应，引起的生态环境退化极不利于区域可持续发展。为此需要从区域生态环境战略考虑，调整水资源配置和优化利用，实施天然绿洲与人工绿洲相应的保护和并重发展，逐步恢复天然绿洲的水分生态平衡。这样，才能遏制住强劲的区域土地退化态势，抵御沙漠化灾害，并走向良性循环。     

石羊河流域民勤绿洲生态需水与生态建设

分析石羊河流域现状水和生态问题,总结产生流域水与生态问题的根源。在分析石羊河流域下游地区生态系统组成的基础上,推算下游民勤绿洲生态系统生态需水。同时讨论石羊河流域下游民勤绿洲保护的对策和措施,提出建立节水型"社会—经济—生态"复合大系统的创新思想。最后,创新性地提出在石羊河地区建立生态特区的意义,为本地区发展和生态保护提供另一种思路。