悬对沙Mellor-Yamada海洋边界层模型计算结果的影响

为了分析海洋水体垂向水流紊动及紊动交换情况而采用了一维的海洋边界层模型(Mellor-Yamada)并利用数值实验的方法对悬沙、盐度、温度等数据进行分析。原模型未将悬沙考虑在内，本文试将它引入进去探讨由于它的存在对紊动混合特性的影响。2000年4月，Mellor将最初的模型引入了依赖于Richardson数的紊动动能耗散率。本文通过比较具有悬沙和不具有悬沙两种情况下的速度、温度和盐度垂向分布随时间的变化，分析讨论由于悬沙的存在所引发的密度层化对紊动混合作用的影响，并发现悬浮泥沙抑制了部分模拟时间的紊动混合作用。     

Bowen数和东中国海Bowen数分布

本文讨论Bowen数的意义、功能和计算法。同时,依据多年水文气象实测资料作统计,计算出东中国海的Bo值。其结果绘制成1月至12月的月平均分布图,从而对本海域的Bo分布特点作详细分析介绍。     

HUMBOLDT AND THE HABITABILITY OF CANADA'S GREAT NORTHWEST*

ABSTRACT. Alexander von Humboldt's influence in British North America during the nineteenth century was filtered mainly through British imperial applications of “Humboldtian” sciences, including geomagnetism and biogeography. The best‐known examples include Edward Sabine and John Henry Lefroy, Royal Artillery officers who, during the 1830s and 1840s, transformed British North American outposts and territories, including Rupert's Land, into Humboldtian sites and regions in Great Britain's imperial “magnetic crusade.” Important groundwork had already been laid by John Richardson, who applied data accrued during John Franklin's overland Arctic expeditions during the 1820s to systematize Humboldtian inquiries into the habitability of Canada's Great Northwest. Despite both the relative decline of Humboldtian sciences by midcentury and Humboldt's own reservations about the political ramifications of his science, his “cosmic” outlook circulated in Canada to refine territorial expansionists' scientistic arguments justifying annexation of Rupert's Land after the monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company expired in 1869.     

不同倍性大黄鱼核仁数目银染观察

用银染法对不同倍性(单倍体、正常二倍体、正常三倍体、雌核发育二倍体、雌核发育鱼子代三倍体)大黄鱼胚胎、仔鱼或成鱼的不同组织进行细胞核仁数目观察计数。结果表明,大黄鱼各种倍性个体细胞核仁数目与染色体倍性之间有良好的对应关系,且核仁数随个体倍性的增加而增加;非诱导雌核发育的大黄鱼细胞核仁众数与染色体组数相等(二倍体为2,三倍体为3),而人工诱导雌核发育大黄鱼及其子代细胞核仁众数却比其相同倍性的非雌核发育鱼少1(雌核发育二倍体为1,雌核发育三倍体为2)。雌核发育鱼核仁数减少是一个非常有趣的现象,值得进一步研究。大黄鱼不同发育阶段(胚胎、仔鱼、成鱼)以及同一个体不同组织(鳃、肾、鳍)的细胞核仁数目(众数)相同。因此,借助核仁银染法可以快速、可靠、简便地进行染色体倍性鉴定。而雌核发育鱼核仁数减少的机理值得进一步研究。     

Symmetric Stability of Rotation and Boussinesq Fluid in Bounded Domain by Using Normal Mode Method

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ARE ISLANDERS INSULAR? A PERSONAL VIEW*

ABSTRACT. I use my personal experience as an islander doing fieldwork among islanders in the West Indies to explore the meaning of “insularity.” I then expand on that personal experience by drawing on literary sources, particularly Homer's the Odyssey and Herman Melville's Moby Dick, both of which express an island worldview. The island worldview is contrasted and compared with the continental worldview on the basis of differing modes of navigation and cartography and differing modes of orientation as defined by cognitive psychologists.     

理查逊数和晴空颠簸的关系

对切变气流中重力内波的稳定性进行了数值计算，结果表明，判别晴空颠是否发生的临界Ｒｉ数随波长，层结稳定度和基本气流变强度的不同而有所变化，预报业务中用Ｒｉ〈０．２５作为预报晴空的指标易出现空报。     

Turbulence Scale Dependence of the Richardson Constant in Lagrangian Stochastic Models

We investigate the relative dispersion properties of the well-mixed class of Lagrangian stochastic models. Dimensional analysis shows that, given a model in the class, its properties depend solely on a non-dimensional parameter, which measures the relative weight of Lagrangian-to-Eulerian scales. This parameter is formulated in terms of Kolmogorov constants, and model properties are then studied by modifying its value in a range that contains the experimental variability. Large variations are found for the quantity, g* = 2gC₀^{− 1}, where g is the Richardson constant.     

Mixing caused by lateral internal seiching within a partially mixed estuary

The salinity fluctuations at an STD near the halocline in Southampton Water have been spectrally analysed. Mixing is shown to commence at a layer Richardson number of about 20. The predominant energy inputs have periods of 7–9 and 3·5–4·5 min. These motions arise from lateral internal seiching and it is considered that they are produced by interaction of the surface seiche with the shallow side of the estuary. The wavelengths of the standing wave are calculated to be about 120 and 60 m respectively, and these compare well with echo-sounding surveys of the elevation of the halocline.