大兴安岭中段木瑞组的发现及其地质意义

在内蒙古1：5万蘑菇山幅、柴河源幅、苏河屯幅、兴安幅四幅区域地质调查中,研究人员通过详细的野外地质调查,首次在中侏罗统满克头鄂博组下部发现木瑞组,二者为整合接触关系。该组岩石类型为紫红色泥质粉砂岩夹灰白色砾岩,出露不完整,从而证明大兴安岭中段在中侏罗世历经陆相山间盆地堆积,具快速堆积特点。该组可作为一个区域性的标志层,对研究大兴安岭中段在中侏罗世期间地质演化史具有重要意义。     

Sedimentology of the continental end‐Permian extinction event in the Sydney Basin,eastern Australia

Upper Permian to Lower Triassic coastal plain successions of the Sydney Basin in eastern Australia have been investigated in outcrop and continuous drillcores. The purpose of the investigation is to provide an assessment of palaeoenvironmental change at high southern palaeolatitudes in a continental margin context for the late Permian (Lopingian), across the end‐Permian Extinction interval, and into the Early Triassic. These basins were affected by explosive volcanic eruptions during the late Permian and, to a much lesser extent, during the Early Triassic, allowing high‐resolution age determination on the numerous tuff horizons. Palaeobotanical and radiogenic isotope data indicate that the end‐Permian Extinction occurs at the top of the uppermost coal bed, and the Permo‐Triassic boundary either within an immediately overlying mudrock succession or within a succeeding channel sandstone body, depending on locality due to lateral variation. Late Permian depositional environments were initially (during the Wuchiapingian) shallow marine and deltaic, but coastal plain fluvial environments with extensive coal‐forming mires became progressively established during the early late Permian, reflected in numerous preserved coal seams. The fluvial style of coastal plain channel deposits varies geographically. However, apart from the loss of peat‐forming mires, no significant long‐term change in depositional style (grain size, sediment‐body architecture, or sediment dispersal direction) was noted across the end‐Permian Extinction (pinpointed by turnover of the palaeoflora). There is no evidence for immediate aridification across the boundary despite a loss of coal from these successions. Rather, the end‐Permian Extinction marks the base of a long‐term, progressive trend towards better‐drained alluvial conditions into the Early Triassic. Indeed, the floral turnover was immediately followed by a flooding event in basinal depocentres, following which fluvial systems similar to those active prior to the end‐Permian Extinction were re‐established. The age of the floral extinction is constrained to 252.54 ± 0.08 to 252.10 ± 0.06 Ma by a suite of new Chemical Abrasion Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry U‐Pb ages on zircon grains. Another new age indicates that the return to fluvial sedimentation similar to that before the end‐Permian Extinction occurred in the basal Triassic (prior to 251.51 ± 0.14 Ma). The character of the surface separating coal‐bearing pre‐end‐Permian Extinction from coal‐barren post‐end‐Permian Extinction strata varies across the basins. In basin‐central locations, the contact varies from disconformable, where a fluvial channel body has cut down to the level of the top coal, to conformable where the top coal is overlain by mudrocks and interbedded sandstone–siltstone facies. In basin‐marginal locations, however, the contact is a pronounced erosional disconformity with coarse‐grained alluvial facies overlying older Permian rocks. There is no evidence that the contact is everywhere a disconformity or unconformity.     

Lithostratigraphy and depositional environment of the Permian Nowra Sandstone in the southwestern Sydney Basin,Australia

Lithofacies in the mid‐Permian Nowra Sandstone indicate a middle/upper shoreface to foreshore environment of deposition under the influence of storm‐generated waves and north‐northeasterly directed longshore currents. Palaeogeographic reconstruction for the Nowra Sandstone portrays a sand‐dominated high energy shelf and offshore shoal forming a sequence thickening seaward away from the western shore of the Sydney Basin. The shoal‐crest at the outer edge of the shelf trends north‐northeast. It is characterized by fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstone with upper flow regime structures and a high proportion of conglomerate, whereas coarser sandstone with lower energy bedforms occurs along the seaward side of the shoal. In the deeper water to the east, the lower Nowra Sandstone becomes rapidly thinner as it passes seaward, via bioturbated storm redeposited sandstone beds, into the shelf deposits of the Wandrawandian Siltstone. This sequence accumulated during a regressive event and the base of the formation becomes progressively younger eastward. The sand may have been supplied by rivers along the western coast but the major source was south of the study area. The lower Nowra Sandstone is separated from the upper part of the formation by an extensive ravinement surface overlain by the Purnoo Conglomerate Member. In contrast to the lower unit, the upper Nowra Sandstone forms a westward thickening wedge that represents a backstepping nearshore sand facies that accumulated during a transgression. The upper Nowra Sandstone passes vertically and laterally eastward into the Berry Siltstone. Thus both boundaries of the Nowra Sandstone are diachronous, first younging eastward and then westward as a response to a regressive‐transgressive episode.     

Discriminating characters of ore-forming intrusions in the super-large Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit,NE China

The Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit, located in the Great Hinggan Range, is the largest Mo deposit in northeast China, although the age and genesis of the associated magmatic intrusions remain debated.Here we report zircon U-Pb ages and trace elements, whole rock geochemistry and Sre Nd isotope data with a view to understand the relationship between the magmatism and molybdenum mineralization.Zircon U-Pb analysis yield an age of 475 Ma for rhyolite in the older strata, 168 Ma for the premineralization monzogranite, and 154 Ma for the syn-mineralization granite porphyry. The granite porphyry and quartz porphyry are considered as the ore-forming intrusions. These rocks are peraluminous, alkali-calcic, and belong to high-K to shoshonitic series with a strong depletion of Eu. They also display characteristics of I-type granites. The rocks exhibit wide variations of(87 Sr/86 Sr)iin the range of 0.705426 -0.707363, and ε_(Nd)(t) of -3.7 to 0.93. Zircon REE distribution patterns show characteristics between crust and the mantle, implying magma genesis through crust-mantle interaction. The Fe_2O_3/FeO values(average 1) for the whole rock and EuN/Eu*Nvalues(average 0.45), Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+) values(average 301)for zircon grains from the granite porphyry are higher than those from other lithologies. These features suggest that the ore-forming intrusions(syn-mineralization porphyry) had higher oxygen fugacity conditions than those of the pre-mineralization and post-mineralization rocks. The Chalukou Mo deposit formed in relation to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Our study suggests that the subduction-related setting, crust-mantle interaction, and the large-scale magmatic intrusion were favorable factors to generate the super-large Mo deposits in this area.     

大兴安岭北段呼中西部塔木兰沟组火山岩年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

呼中火山岩位于大兴安岭北段,塔木兰沟组是其喷发较早的一期中基性火山岩。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,呼中火山岩形成于(154±1)Ma,属晚侏罗世。呼中火山岩SiO_2为49.80%~55.96%、Al_2O_3为16.70%~18.93%、Na_2O+K_2O为6.35%~9.11%,属中基性高铝碱性岩石。微量元素特征显示,呼中火山岩富集大离子亲石元素Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,Nb/Ta=12.44~15.58。呼中火山岩元素含量及其比值的变化显示了本区塔木兰沟组玄武岩浆在分离结晶作用过程中受到了壳源物质的影响,其形成环境为板块边缘岛弧造山带环境,由古亚洲洋和(或)蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋板块俯冲形成。     

大兴安岭多年冻土泥炭地无机氮动态对秋季冻融的响应北大核心CSCD

大兴安岭多年冻土泥炭地是对全球变暖响应敏感的地区之一。在全球变暖、多年冻土退化背景下,为了探明秋季冻融对多年冻土泥炭地无机氮时空变化的影响,本研究于2019年9—11月以大兴安岭三种多年冻土泥炭地为研究对象进行野外原位实验,分析了秋季冻融前、中和后期多年冻土泥炭地浅层和深层土壤无机氮的时空变化特征以及浅层和深层土壤含水量和温度的变化规律,建立了土壤无机氮含量与土壤温度和含水量间的多元线性回归模型。研究表明:多年冻土小叶章泥炭地(XY)、兴安落叶松-泥炭藓泥炭地(XA)和白毛羊胡子苔草泥炭地(BM)的土壤铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量变化范围:(1.00±0.00)~(20.60±0.20)mg·kg^(-1),硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量的变化范围:(0.02±0.01)~(14.64±1.11)mg·kg^(-1),且无机氮以土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N为主;秋季冻融后期无机氮含量明显高于前期。尽管水热交互作用对该时期无机氮没有显著影响,但是在不同冻融阶段,无机氮对环境因子的响应程度存在差异:在秋季冻融前、中和后期浅层无机氮动态分别与浅层温度和含水量的变化相关,但在整个秋季冻融期间BM浅层无机氮含量仅对10~20 cm含水量存在响应(R^(2)=0.344,P<0.01)。研究表明,秋季冻融期内,多年冻土泥炭地无机氮发生初步累积,且浅层环境因子对无机氮响应程度最大。本研究可补充大兴安岭多年冻土泥炭地秋季冻融对土壤无机氮影响研究的相关数据,并为多年冻土泥炭地响应全球变暖的温室气体释放的研究提供基础数据支撑。     

粤港澳大湾区背景下的珠三角城市群产业—人口—空间交互影响机理

在粤港澳大湾区成为国家战略的背景下,具有经济地理优势的“湾区”地带,因作为推动全球经济发展的重要增长极而举世瞩目。本文以其主要组成部分的“珠三角9市”为研究对象,通过建立向量自回归VAR模型,利用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,对该城市群发展进程中的“产业—人口—空间”交互影响机理进行分析。研究结果表明：珠三角城市群的产业发展对人口的吸纳作用在后期近乎消退,人口集聚对产业发展的促进作用在中后期也明显减弱,而空间扩展对人口集聚的影响效果比较有限且后期呈现负影响。基于上述结论可以判断,珠三角城市群产业、人口和空间要素之间具有短期间的互促发展效果,但是尚未形成城市群应具有的长期稳定的互促机制。为推进粤港澳大湾区建设,珠三角城市群应积极推动产业类型不断提升以集聚高素质人口,积极引导空间扩张与人口增长匹配发展,并构筑多层次且协同互补的产业空间,以此深化产业、人口和空间要素的协同发展格局。     

粤港澳大湾区协同创新的综合测度与演化特征

理解粤港澳大湾区协同创新的网络结构及其演化特征对于新时期大湾区的创新化发展转型至关重要。论文通过构建包括技术创新、知识生产、创新资本3个维度的协同创新测度指标体系,基于城市群流空间网络构建与社会网络分析方法,系统性研究了多创新维度下粤港澳大湾区协同创新的网络结构及其演化特征。结果表明：(1)粤港澳大湾区创新流空间结构呈现出显著的极化特征,且随着时间推移,极化效应不断强化,深圳、香港、广州在创新流空间网络中占据绝对核心地位;(2)多维度创新流要素网络结构呈现出显著差异性,技术创新与创新资本维度中,香港、深圳占据了城市群网络的核心,知识生产维度的核心城市则是广州与香港,广州在各维度网络中均扮演了重要的“枢纽型”城市角色,深圳在各维度网络中的创新层级随着时间推移在不断增长;(3)综合多维度指标的测度结果显示,香港与深圳分别是早期与新时期粤港澳大湾区协同创新网络的核心,当前大湾区整体呈现为穗深港三核心并立的城市群网络空间结构。研究可为新时期粤港澳大湾区创新资源的合理化配置提供理论与实证支撑。     

机场群航线网络竞合评价方法及实证探讨——以粤港澳大湾区世界级机场群为例

航线网络是机场群市场竞争-合作（竞合）的重要内容。借助图论、集合论、产业经济等理论方法,从整体性市场及交互式市场两个视角探索并建立机场群航线网络竞合关系的量化评价模型,并基于粤港澳大湾区世界级机场群开展实证分析,研究表明：1）从整体市场竞争视角分析,大湾区机场群航点竞合市场由完全垄断市场与弱合作市场主导,但竞争程度在逐步强化;同类通航点的航线竞合指数存在较大的差异性及复杂性,但竞争程度也呈现加剧态势。2）从交互式竞争视角分析,大湾区机场群航线网络的竞合格局整体呈现由合作型向竞争型转变的态势,且航线竞争水平大于通航航点竞争。     

区域合作背景下服务业发展的收敛性研究——以大珠三角金融业为例

文章基于经济增长收敛理论,从区域合作视角,展开服务业发展收敛性研究.包括阐释服务业发展收敛的内涵、与经济增长收敛的关联、服务业发展的收敛机制,以及分析服务业发展收敛的模型与指标选择,并最终运用所构建的方法,对CEPA实施后大珠江三角洲的金融业收敛性进行了实证检验.结果显示,2004-2008年该区域金融业发展呈发散趋势.这一结果与近年来以其他方法与指标检验金融收敛性得出的结论基本一致,证实了基于经济增长收敛理论及分析模型的服务业发展收敛研究思路与分析模型具有可信性与可行性,亦从一个侧面对大珠三角金融合作的成效作出了评判.