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Julien Jouanno Julio Sheinbaum Bernard Barnier Jean-Marc Molines Laurent Debreu Florian Lemari 《Ocean Modelling》2008,23(3-4):82-101
The variability in the Caribbean Sea is investigated using high resolution (1/15°) general circulation model experiments. For the first time in this region, simulations were carried out with a 2-way nested configuration of the NEMO primitive equation model. A coarse North Atlantic grid (1/3°) reproduces the main features of the North Atlantic and Equatorial circulation capable of influencing ocean dynamics in the Caribbean Sea. This numerical study highlights strong dynamical differences among basins and modifies the view that dynamics are homogeneous over the whole Caribbean Basin. The Caribbean mean flow is shown to organize in two intense jets flowing westward along the northern and southern boundaries of the Venezuela Basin, which merge in the center of the Colombia Basin. Diagnostics of model outputs show that width, depth and strength of baroclinic eddies increase westward from the Lesser Antilles to the Colombia Basin. The widening and strengthening to the west is consistent with altimetry data and drifter observations. Although influenced by the circulation in the Colombia Basin, the variability in the Cayman Basin (which also presents a westward growth from the Chibcha Channel) is deeper and less energetic than the variability in the Colombia/Venezuela Basins. Main frequency peaks for the mesoscale variability present a westward shift, from roughly 50 days near the Lesser Antilles to 100 days in the Cayman Basin, which is associated with growth and merging of eddies. 相似文献
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研究设计了一种二维和三维嵌套、外模态和内模态分离的水动力学数值模式,既可用于潮汐,也可用于风暴潮的数值计算。该模型对全部海区进行二维计算,对其中重点关心的海区同时进行三维计算。在三维计算区域,采用了内、外模态既分离又耦合的计算技术。数值格式采用全部交错的网格结构,三维模型中垂直方向采用σ-坐标代替通常的z-坐标,垂直涡动粘性系数由混合长度理论确定,垂直粘性项采用隐式差分格式。作为算例,本文对南海北部湾潮波进行了细网格的数值计算。 相似文献
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Embedding soil samples with Vestopal (Chemische Werke Hüls) or Palatal (BASF) polyester resin was described by Altemüller (1974), Altemüller and Vorbach (1987), or Tippkötter (1986). We have modified this method and applied it to lake sediments. The following steps are necessary: dehydration by acetone, replacement of acetone by Palatal, hardening of Palatal, sawing, polishing, and mounting on glass slides. The advantages compared to other methods are very good embedding qualities of different sediments and moderate costs of the embedding resin. The expensive and slow dehydration with acetone and the time consuming embedding are the disadvantages of this method. 相似文献
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Konstantin V. Kholshevnikov 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2008,100(3):169-179
Several metric spaces of Keplerian orbits and a set of their most important subspaces, as well as a factor space (not distinguishing
orbits with the same longitudes of nodes and pericentres) are constructed. Topological and metric properties of them are established.
Simple formulae to calculate the distance are deduced. Applications to a number of problems of Celestial Mechanics are discussed. 相似文献
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Julien Jouanno Julio Sheinbaum Bernard Barnier Jean-Marc Molines 《Ocean Modelling》2009,26(3-4):226-239
The processes which drive the production and the growth of the strong mesoscale eddy field in the Caribbean Sea are examined using a general circulation model. Diagnostics of the simulations suggest that:(1) The mean currents in the Caribbean Sea are intrinsically unstable. The nature of the instability and its strength vary spatially due to strong differences of current structure among basins.(2) The greatest and most energetic eddies of the Caribbean Sea originate in the Venezuela Basin by mixed barotropic-baroclinic instability of an intense jet, formed with waters mostly from the surface return flow of the Meridional Overturning Circulation and the North Equatorial Current which converge and accelerate through the Grenada Passage. The vertical shear of this inflow is enhanced by an eastward undercurrent, which flows along the south American Coast between 100 and 250 m depth. The shallow eddies (less than 200 m depth) formed in the vicinity of the Grenada Passage get rapidly deeper (down to 1000 m depth) and stronger by their interaction with the deep interior flow of the Subtropical Gyre, which enters through passages north of St. Lucia. These main eastern Caribbean inflows merge and form the southern Caribbean Current, whose baroclinic instability is responsible for the westward growth and strengthening of these eddies from the Venezuela to the Colombia Basin.(3) Eddies of lesser strength are produced in other regions of the Caribbean Sea. Their generation and growth is also linked with instability of the local currents. First, cyclones are formed in the cyclonic shear of the northern Caribbean Current, but appear to be rapidly dissipated or absorbed by the large anticyclones coming from the southern Caribbean. Second, eddies in the Cayman Sea, which impact the Yucatan region, are locally produced and enhanced by barotropic instability of the deep Cayman Current.(4) The role of the North Brazil Current (NBC) rings is mostly to act as a finite perturbation for the instability of the mean flow. Their presence near the Lesser Antilles is ubiquitous and they appear to be linked with most of the Caribbean eddies. There are some evidences that the frequency at which they form near the Grenada Passage is influenced by the frequency at which the NBC rings impinge the Lesser Antilles. But large Caribbean eddies also form without a close influence of any ring, and comparison between simulations shows that mean eddy kinetic energy and eddy population in the Caribbean Sea are not substantially different in absence or presence of NBC rings: their presence is not a necessary condition for the generation and growth of the Caribbean eddies. 相似文献
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