GIS在西部生态环境建设中的应用初探

GIS与西部生态环境建设的有机结合将是一项长期的、复杂的系统工程。笔者在严格论证了该项目实施的可行性之后,在可持续发展理论的指导下,运用空间分析方法,提出了项目实施的方案。在该方案中,对生态环境信息数据进行了分类,详述了空间数据文件存贮结构,查询管理子系统的开发,最后得出生态环境地理信息系统的总体结构,并简述了其功能。     

江西2003年夏季罕见高温气候特征及成因分析

对江西省2003年夏季罕见高温干旱的强度、气候历史地位、500hPa环流形势特征和海温特征等进行了分析。结果表明,2003年夏季高温强度在多项指标上均排建国以来第一位;在500hPa环流形势上具有特殊的分布特征;在前期环流形势场和海温场上具有一些前兆特征,有较好的预报意义。     

甘肃省锰矿资源现状及勘查方向

从甘肃锰矿资源现状、基本特点、主要类型,以及今后的找矿方向等问题进行初步的探讨。并依据成矿地质条件、勘查工作程度、锰资源潜力等因素优选划分了6个找矿远景区。     

湖南矿产资源形势分析与对策研究

湖南省不少矿产按地均资源占有量,高于全国平均水平,是国内矿产资源丰富和矿产最多的省份之一。从湖南的自然条件、经济条件、区位优势、资源地位、发展水平等方面分析,利用丰富的矿产资源发展湖南经济不失为一条重要的途径。要获取资源开发的总体效益和最佳效益的关键,是实现勘查、开采、加工三位一体化,发展多种形式,多层次的开发网络,面向国内、国外两大市场,加强资源综合利用、综合治理,才能把矿产資源优势转化为经济优势。     

浅析矿产资源储量动态管理现状、存在问题及对策

矿产资源开采必须实行有偿取得,有偿出让的本质是出让矿产资源储量,矿产资源的开发利用都是围绕矿产资源储量,离开矿产资源储量,采矿权的有偿出让就无从谈起。介绍了当前储量动态管理现状,提示了存在的问题,并就如何加强对矿产资源储量监管提出了对策并进行了探讨。     

成矿预测研究现状及发展趋势

随着地表露头矿，易识别矿越来越少，找矿难度越来越大。GIS高新技术普及应用，为成矿预测展示了新的前景。本文通过成矿预测发展历史的回顾，概述今后一段时期地勘行业成矿预测的主要思路：在新的成矿理论指导下，借助GIS技术，实现科学化，系统化，信息化，动态化和可视化多源信息综合预测找矿，为普查立项提供依据，并提出了具体工作步骤。     

A GIS-based mapping method on distribution of critical Ecological Situation in China

Introduction Human-induced environmental change in China has led to different consequences due to various causes. They conver certain regions and places where their impacts may threaten the long-term or even the short-term sustainability of human-environmental relationships. Designating such areas as "critical environmental situations," Russian Geographers have developed "red data maps" showing their locations[1]. Yet, there are no fully developed conceptualizations of environmental critical…     

Dynamic analysis of eco-environmental changes based on remote sensing and geographic information system: an example in Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau

The Chinese Loess Plateau is suffering from severe soil erosion. The eco-environmental changes of the plateau are believed to have an important influence on global eco-environmental sustainability; hence, this problem has attracted considerable attention from scientists around the world. This study has two purposes; application of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques in the dynamic analysis of eco-environmental changes in the semiarid zone; and using the Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau as an example, to make dynamic analysis of the eco-environmental changes of the region during the 1986–2004 period and identify controlling factors. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data at a spatial resolution of 30 m were used for analysis. Two training areas were selected in Jingning and Qingcheng counties for analysis using 10-m resolution SPOT and Landsat TM data. The satellite RS images were obtained from the Institute of Remote Sensing Application (IRSA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Each images was rectified by Albers Equal Area Conic projection based on 1:50,000 scale topographic maps after spectrum preparation of the images. To make the precision within 1 or 2 pixels, the accurate coordinative control points of the two systems were identified. Then the interpretation key was established based on the land use/cover survey in the study area. The images were classified into six primary environmental types (farmland, forest, grassland, water, construction area, and desert) and 25 sub-types using a visual image interactive interpretation method to obtain vector and attribute data. The resultant accuracy of the land use/cover classification reached 95%. Finally, the transformation areas and ratios of various eco-environmental types in the region were calculated to obtain the transition matrixes of eco-environmental types in the two training areas, Jingning and Qingcheng. This study demonstrates that satellite RS and GIS techniques are effective tools to monitor and analyze the eco-environmental changes in the semiarid region. Visual image interactive interpretation based on GIS technique provides comprehensive information on the direction, rate, and location of eco-environmental changes. The transition matrix model can be used to precisely analyze the variation and rates of the eco-environmental types and their spatial distribution. Great land use changes have taken place Longdong during the 1986–2004 period. These eco-environmental changes were driven by natural and human factors. Natural factors influencing the Longdong region of the Chinese Loess Plateau mainly include temperature, water condition, terrain, soil, and erosion; while human activities include over-cultivation, overgrazing, and fuelwood cutting. As viewed from the extent and severity of the influences, human activities play a very important role in altering the eco-environment of the semiarid region. The study results indicate a need for future research and observation in the semiarid region.     

基于MongoDB的地震风险评估综合地情数据服务平台设计与实现

本文介绍了基于MongoDB的地震风险评估综合地情数据服务平台,以灵活的文档结构存储与查询为目标,使用Web Service技术,采用前后端分离的开发方式,给出了系统的总体设计以及关键技术和功能,实现了全国区县级地震风险评估综合地情数据更灵活地上传、编辑、查询等功能。通过建立全国统一的地震风险评估综合地情数据服务平台,对数据进行可视化展示,提高了全国综合地情数据的利用率和服务能力。     

包头地区二次大雪过程的成因分析

文章应用常规资料,从天气环流形势演变、物理量等方面,对2000年1月10—11日包头地区普降大雪过程作了客观的分析,揭示了大雪过程的发生、发展机制,对今后分析大雪过程具有一定指导意义。