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1.
The water resources of Canada are today, and have always been, of major importance to the welfare of Canadians. Throughout most of Canada's history, these resources have been viewed within a supply–management framework and, frequently, exploited through the construction of 'megaprojects', often with little or no concern for issues such as environmental harm and social and community disruption. As in many parts of the world, those most affected by such large-scale water resource developments have been aboriginals (in Canada, 'First Nations' peoples). Although the issues of environmental, social and economic damage to First Nations as a result of water megaprojects have been investigated, little has been written about the impact of such projects – especially dam construction – on the loss of sense of place of deracinated peoples. This paper investigates one example of such loss of sense of place, that of the Cheslatta T'En forcibly removed from their ancestral lands in the 1950s so as to allow for the construction of a private hydroelectric dam by the Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan). 相似文献
2.
British Columbia's current approach to monitoring salmon aquaculture waste is disconnected from political and legal trends towards the recognition of Aboriginal rights in Canada. Drawing on insights from collaborative monitoring in northern Canada and interviews with 23 Kwakwaka’wakw clam-diggers and cultural specialists (2006–2007), preliminary directions for integrating First Nations’ values, knowledge and stewardship practices into marine environmental monitoring are identified. Kwakwaka’wakw monitoring practices include the use of qualitative individual, community and population scale indicators and the integration of traditional knowledge as baseline data about the healthy conditions of traditional food resources. 相似文献
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The circulation of the Southern Ocean is studied in the eddy-resolving model POP (Parallel Ocean Program) by an analysis
of zonally integrated balances. The TEM formalism (Transformed Eulerian Mean) is extended to include topography and continental
boundaries, thus deviations from a zonally integrated state involve transient and standing eddies. The meridional circulation
is presented in terms of the Eulerian, eddy-induced, and residual streamfunctions. It is shown that the splitting of the meridional
circulation into Ekman and geostrophic transports and the component induced by subgrid and Reynolds stresses is identical
to a particular form of the zonally integrated balance of zonal momentum. In this balance, the eddy-induced streamfunctions
represent the interfacial form stresses by transient and standing eddies and the residual streamfunction represents the acceleration
of the zonal current by density fluxes in a zonally integrated frame. The latter acceleration term is directly related to
the surface flux of density and interior fluxes due to the resolved and unresolved eddies. The eddy-induced circulation is
extremely vigorous in POP. In the upper ocean a shallow circulation, reversed in comparison to the Deacon cell and mainly
due to standing eddies, appears to the north of Drake Passage latitudes, and in the Drake Passage belt of latitudes a deep-reaching
cell is induced by transient eddies. In the resulting residual circulation the Deacon cell is largely cancelled and the residual
advection of the zonal mean potential density is balanced by diapycnal eddy and subgrid fluxes which are strong in the upper
few hundred meters but small in the ocean interior. The balance of zonal momentum is consistent with other eddy-resolving
models; a new aspect is the clear identification of density effects in the zonally integrated balance. We show that the wind
stress and the stress induced by the residual circulation drive the eastward current, whereas both eddy species result in
a braking. Finally, we extend the Johnson–Bryden model of zonal transport to incorporate all relevant terms from the zonal
momentum balance. It is shown that wind stress and induction by the residual circulation carry an eastward transport while
bottom form stress and the stress induced by standing eddies yield westward components of transport.
Received: 26 June 2001 / Accepted: 2 November 2001 相似文献
5.
《Marine Policy》2014
For nearly a decade, governments have been discussing the need to improve efforts to conserve and sustainably use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Support for a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – an Implementing Agreement – on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ has been growing. In June 2012, at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, States agreed to take a decision on the development of an international instrument under UNCLOS before the end of the 69th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which runs from September 2014 to August 2015. In follow-up to this commitment, it was agreed to consider the “scope, parameters and feasibility” of this instrument. To inform these international discussions, this article highlights some potential options for the content of a new UNCLOS Implementing Agreement. It first reviews the history of UN discussions, and then elaborates on options to address key elements identified as priorities for States in 2011: marine genetic resources, including the sharing of benefits, area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. It addresses cross-cutting issues such as the governing principles, institutional structure as well as on other critical points such as High Seas fishing and flag State responsibilities. The article concludes with suggestions on possible next steps in order to succeed in the negotiations for an agreement. 相似文献
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国际海洋新秩序及其对我国海洋经济的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
郭守前 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(2):1-7
国际海洋新秩序的形成以<联合国海洋法公约>的生效为标志.<公约>不仅赋予了沿海国对200 n mile专属经济区的主权权利等海洋权益,带来国际海洋形势的新趋势,而且会对我国海洋经济产生重要影响.<公约>的生效一方面促进了我国海洋法律的建设进程,扩大了海洋管辖;另一方面又使我国海洋经济权益受到新的威胁.专属经济区制度对我国海洋渔业生产和管理也将产生重要影响. 相似文献
8.
In this paper, the role of westerly winds at southern high latitudes in global climate is investigated in a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. In the model, the wind stress south of 40°S is turned off with ocean and atmosphere fully coupled both locally and elsewhere. The coupled model explicitly demonstrates that a shutdown of southern high latitude wind stress induces a general cooling over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region, with surface Ekman flow and vertical mixing p... 相似文献
9.
Jiten Patel Rupert Sutherland Michael Gurnis Harm Van Avendonk Sean P. S. Gulick Brandon Shuck Joann Stock Erin Hightower 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):403-426
Solander Basin is characterized by subduction initiation at the Pacific‐Australia plate boundary, where high biological productivity is found at the northern edge of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Sedimentary architecture results from tectonic influences on accommodation space, sediment supply and ocean currents (via physiography); and climate influence on ocean currents and biological productivity. We present the first seismic‐stratigraphic analysis of Solander Basin based on high‐fold seismic‐reflection data (voyage MGL1803, SISIE). Solander Trough physiography formed by Eocene rifting, but basinal strata are mostly younger than ca. 17 Ma, when we infer Puysegur Ridge formed and sheltered Solander Basin from bottom currents, and mountain growth onshore increased sediment supply. Initial inversion on the Tauru Fault started at ca. 15 Ma, but reverse faulting from 12 to ca. 8 Ma on both the Tauru and Parara Faults was likely associated with reorganization and formation of the subduction thrust. The new seabed topography forced sediment pathways to become channelized at low points or antecedent gorges. Since 5 Ma, southern Puysegur Ridge and Fiordland mountains spread out towards the east and Solander Anticline grew in response to ongoing subduction and growth of a slab. Solander Basin had high sedimentation rates because (1) it is sheltered from bottom currents by Puysegur Ridge; and (2) it has a mountainous land area that supplies sediment to its northern end. Sedimentary architecture is asymmetric due to the Subtropical Front, which moves pelagic and hemi‐pelagic sediment, including dilute parts of gravity flows, eastward and accretes contourites to the shelf south of Stewart Island. Levees, scours, drifts and ridges of folded sediment characterize western Solander Basin, whereas hemi‐pelagic drape and secondary gravity flows are found east of the meandering axial Solander Channel. The high‐resolution record of climate and tectonics that Solander Basin contains may yield excellent sites for future scientific ocean drilling. 相似文献
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