芒崖凹陷干旱气候背景下网状河流沉积体系及演化

通过对柴达木盆地芒崖凹陷上新统露头的结构单元分析和对钻井剖面上砂岩、泥岩的空间分布关系及岩相转换的Ｍａｒｋｏｖ链模式等方面的研究,得出研究区中－上新统是网状河流沉积体系并在上上新统转化为瓣状河流沉积体系这一新认识。孢粉化石资料、深干裂以及钙质结核等指示网状河流发育姑干旱气候背景下。网状河流向瓣状河流的演化受到盆地基底的沉降速率及与气候密切相关的植被覆盖程度等因素的控制。     

Valley confinement as a factor of braided river pattern for the Platte River

The Platte River in Nebraska has evolved in the twentieth century from a predominantly braided river pattern to a mélange of meandering, wandering, anastomosed, island braided, and fully braided reaches. Identifying the factors that determine the occurrence of a fully braided main channel was the objective of this study. Aerial photography, gage flow data, ground-surveyed cross sections, bed material samples, and the results of sediment transport modeling were used to examine factors that control spatial change in main river pattern of the central Platte River. Valley confinement is identified as the determining factor of braided river in nine of eleven divisions of the central Platte River. Flow reduction and the interruption of sediment supply are identified as determining factors preventing fully braided river in the remaining two of eleven reaches.Valley confinement, the topography which limits the width of the floodplain, was initially measured as width between historical banks (predevelopment river banks). This metric was later refined to width between confining features (historical banks, remnant bars, bridge abutments, protected banks and levees). Under existing conditions, the main channel of the central Platte River is fully braided when valley confinement (width between confining features) is 600 m or less and begins to divide into the multiple channels of an anastomosed pattern when valley confinement (width between confining features) exceeds 600 m When Platte River flow is divided between two to four major anabranches, a fully braided pattern in the main channel of the main anabranch requires a more confined valley of 400 m or less.Valley confinement is demonstrated to be the dominant factor in determining river pattern in the central Platte River, although this factor is not normally considered in the continuum of channel pattern model. Conclusions from this study can be used to increase the occurrence of fully braided main channel in the central Platte River, to aid habitat recovery for endangered or threatened bird species that favor this river pattern. Consideration of valley confinement with river continuum factors can aid river managers by improving predictions of river pattern in response to management actions.