Architecture and recognition criteria of ancient shelf ridges; an example from Campanian Almond Formation in Hanna Basin,USA

Shelf ridges are sedimentary bodies formed on the continental shelf due to transgressive reworking (tidal or storm) of lowstand deposits. Common on modern shelves, they are under‐represented in the geological record due to a lack of recognition criteria and facies model. This article proposes a new facies and architectural model for shelf ridges, linked to their inception–evolution–abandonment cycle and the process regime of the basin. The model is mainly based on new outcrop data and interpretations from three sandstone bodies of the Almond Formation, an overall transgressive interval during the infill of the Campanian Western Interior Seaway. Building from the case study, and ancient and modern examples, six characteristics are proposed for the recognition of ancient shelf ridges. Shelf ridges: (i) are encased between thick marine mudstone intervals; (ii) have a basal unconformity that erodes into marine muds or into the remnants of a previous shoreline; (iii) have a non‐erosional upper boundary that transitions into marine muds; (iv) are characterized by clean and well‐sorted sandstones, often cross‐bedded; (v) contain fully marine ichnofauna; and (vi) present compound architectures with large accretion surfaces and lower order structures. Although shelf ridges have been described in previous studies as generated exclusively by either tidal or storm currents, it is clear, from modern examples and the case study, that these two processes can be recorded and preserved in a single shelf ridge. The stratigraphy of these sandstone bodies is therefore much more complex than previously recognized, bearing the signature of changing tidal and storm intensity through time. Because they are developed during transgressions, shelf ridges are commonly subject to strong changes in process regime as sea‐level changes can easily affect the oceanographic conditions and the morphology of the basin. For this reason, shelf ridges can provide the best record of shelf process variability during transgressions.     

低温胁迫下巴旦杏的形态生理变化及抗寒性研究

莎车1号、英吉沙2号和莎车18号是新疆喀什地区巴旦杏的主栽品种。通过测定低温胁迫下细胞膜透性、叶绿素荧光参数的变化,对巴旦杏品种的抗寒性进行了比较研究,并进行了冻害分级。结果表明,随处理温度降低,相对电导率逐渐增加,枝条细胞膜受损程度在加重。引起巴旦杏品种低温伤害的临界温度范围为-24～-27 ℃,3个品种枝条半致死温度（LT50）分别为-24.9 ℃、-29.3 ℃、-27.7 ℃,英吉沙2号的抗寒性较强。随处理温度降低,巴旦杏枝条基础荧光（Fo）值逐渐上升,至某一温度达到峰值后开始下降,光系统（PSⅡ）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）值呈明显下降趋势。-24～-27 ℃左右的低温会造成PSⅡ结构的损伤,且品种抗寒性越差,PSⅡ结构受损越明显。综合分析结果表明,供试的3个巴旦杏品种中, 英吉沙2号抗寒性较强,莎车18号次之,莎车1号抗寒性较弱。     

铝分析中氟化物取代苦杏仁酸方法的改进

使用氟化物取代锌盐-EDTA滴定法,与电位滴定、光谱分析等手段在铝土矿、合金中铝含量测定,设备要求低,环境友好,分析方便易行,准确度和精密度上达到国家行业要求,有不可取代的优势。