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1.
In recent years, bulk carriers have been identified with high risks of catastrophic structural failure and foundering, and with heavy loss of human life. This study, based upon Lloyd's of London casualty records, identified four risk factors that had significant, independent effect upon the likelihood of a bulk carrier foundering. The risk of foundering increased with the age of the ship, and was related to the ship's flag of registration. Most importantly, however, increased risks were found for heavy cargoes of iron ore and scrap steel or iron, and for trading routes to the Far East and from Europe to North America. Additional safety measures, in particular regarding ship design and high-risk trades, may well be necessary to reduce the high casualty rates. 相似文献
2.
A. B. Yavuz 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):211-227
?zmir is the third largest city in Turkey and has being the centre of art, culture, tourism and trade activities throughout the 5,000 years of its history. Natural stones brought from different parts of the world have been widely used for construction of the prestigious buildings, monuments and roads etc., in the past in the city. Renovation of the street pavements and public gathering areas in the city centre has been undertaken by the Metropolitan Municipality in 2000 and continued through the year of 2001. These renovation activities have mainly been carried out in the streets running parallel to the sea shore. Volcanic rocks brought from the Central Anatolia Ankara-Gölba?? (andesites) and Kayseri-?ncesu (tuffs) have been used in the renovation works. These rocks have shown extensive deteriorations within 4 years of their usage between 2001 and 2005 under the influence of different environmental factors. In this study, the deteriorations developed in the recently placed volcanic rocks used as kerb and pavement stones in the city centre of ?zmir in the light of their mineralogical, chemical, physical and mechanical properties, used locations and the environmental factors are presented. 相似文献
3.
High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh wave phase velocities can be inverted to shear (S)-wave velocities for a layered earth model up to 30 m below the ground surface in many settings. Given S-wave velocity (VS), compressional (P)-wave velocity (VP), and Rayleigh wave phase velocities, it is feasible to solve for P-wave quality factor QP and S-wave quality factor QS in a layered earth model by inverting Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Model results demonstrate the plausibility of inverting QS from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Contributions to the Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients from QP cannot be ignored when Vs/VP reaches 0.45, which is not uncommon in near-surface settings. It is possible to invert QP from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients in some geological setting, a concept that differs from the common perception that Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients are always far less sensitive to QP than to QS. Sixty-channel surface wave data were acquired in an Arizona desert. For a 10-layer model with a thickness of over 20 m, the data were first inverted to obtain S-wave velocities by the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method and then quality factors were determined by inverting attenuation coefficients. 相似文献
4.
环境问题已成为全世界共同关心的问题。地质环境是影响人类生存的重要因素。本文述及了因自然地质因素引起的地震灾害、火山灾害、滑坡灾害等,以及因人为地质因素引发的水污染灾害、水库失事灾害、水土流失、沙漠扩大灾害等诸方面内容,指出在今后应重视对地质灾害的监测和预防。 相似文献
5.
地下水中氟形成的控制因素及其分布规律 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文研究了地下水中氟元素形成的主要控制因素及其分布规律。结果表明,地下水氟的形成与断裂构造,地下水温度、气候条件、含水介质及其上覆土层中的氟含量,地下水的酸碱度与径流条件有密切的关系。深成断裂脉状地下水和萤石矿区的地下水氟含量高,不有作为生活饮用水源; 而浅层的地下水氟含量较低,大多数仍作为生活饮用水源。 相似文献
6.
Effects of geology and human activity on the dynamics of salt-water intrusion in three coastal aquifers in southern Spain 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río
Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation,
geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most
important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly
controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified
carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for
influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible
measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures
include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability
barrier.
Received: 5 December 1995 · Accepted: 12 April 1996 相似文献
7.
海洋是中国高质量发展的战略要地。为促进我国海洋经济高质量发展,文章从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享5个维度出发,运用熵权法测算中国11个沿海省(自治区、直辖市)2006—2018年海洋经济高质量发展综合指数并分析其时空演变;进而利用面板模型分析海洋经济高质量发展的影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)从时间趋势看,全国及沿海各省(自治区、直辖市)海洋经济高质量发展指数均呈波动上升趋势,表明中国沿海省(自治区、直辖市)的海洋经济高质量发展水平稳步提高。(2)从空间分布看,总体上海洋经济高质量发展水平高的地区趋于增加。(3)从影响因素来看,经济发展水平、海洋产业结构升级、对外开放程度、金融发展水平、人力资本均对海洋经济高质量发展具有显著的正向影响,而政府支持力度对海洋经济高质量发展水平的提升具有一定的阻碍作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
煤储层渗透性影响因素探讨 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
依据煤层气井的试井资料,结合试验室测试数据和其它资料的分析,认为中国煤储层渗透性主要受原地应力状况的控制,其它因素对其也有一定的影响。 相似文献
10.
运用由西方著名经济学家B.Ohlin所创立的"资源禀赋论"的概念和原理,对黔北铝土矿的资源禀赋要素分析,探讨该区铝土矿的勘查方式与手段,提出黔北铝土矿勘查的初步模式。 相似文献