全文获取类型
收费全文 | 451篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 134篇 |
大气科学 | 30篇 |
地球物理 | 148篇 |
地质学 | 65篇 |
海洋学 | 28篇 |
天文学 | 16篇 |
综合类 | 33篇 |
自然地理 | 45篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 25篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 34篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有499条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
High precision geoid models HKGEOID-2000 for Hong Kong and SZGEOID-2000 for Shenzhen, China, have been developed with a hybrid approach of so-called sequential processing, using high precision GPS/leveling data, land and sea gravity anomalies, and digital terrain models. These two local geoid models have the same 1-km resolution. The estimated accuracy (external accuracy) is better than 1.7 cm for HKGEOID-2000 and 1.4 cm for SZGEOID-2000. Some common areas are covered by HKGEOID-2000 and SZGEOID-2000. So these two geoid models, along with high quality GPS/leveling data collected on the overlapping areas, can be used to detect the systematic bias between HKGEOID-2000 and SZGEOID-2000, as well as the difference between Hong Kong Principal Datum and 1956 yellow sea height datum of China, yielding RMS errors of 1.011 m and 1,003 m, respectively. Moreover, HKGEOID-2000, along with GPS ellipsoidal heights, is employed to determine the errors of the “orthometric heights” from purely trigonometric heighting, yielding an RMS error of 0.102 m. The combination of SZGEOID-2000 and GPS ellipsoidal heights has been used to replace the traditional spirit leveling and mapping, called GPS mapping. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Stability of earthquake moment tensor inversions: effect of the double-couple constraint 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We show that spurious large non-double-couple components can be obtained in inversions for the full deviatoric moment tensor for shallow crustal earthquakes due to inaccurate Earth models. The traditional “best double-couple” solution does not in general provide an optimal estimate of a double-couple mechanism, and is only reliable when the non-double-couple component of the full deviatoric solution is small. The inverse problem for the moment tensors of the 1998 Antarctic Plate and 2000 Wharton Basin strike-slip earthquakes is shown in each case to have two well-fitting minima in the misfit function of pure double-couple solutions. Such pairs of solutions are most likely to exist for earthquakes which are close either to vertical strike-slip or to dip-slip on a fault plane dipping at 45°. It is shown theoretically that these pairs of solutions arise from the combination of the pure double-couple constraint and the instability of two elements of the moment tensor. No significant non-double-couple component is found for the shallow thrusting 1996 Biak, Indonesia earthquake. 相似文献
5.
6.
关于全球板块运动模型ITRF2000VEL若干问题探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用最新的国际地球自转服务(IERS)发布的国际地球参考架ITRF2000速度场,建立了一个独立于任何其它模型、安全基于现代空间大地测量实测结果的现今全球板块运动模型ITRF2000VEL,较百万年平均地质模型NNR-NUVELIA更能真正反映全球板块现今运动特征,相比ITRF96,晚接近于百万年地质模型NNR-NUVELIA,而且ITRF2000参考架在定向、原点和尺度的定义较ITRF96和ITRF97参考架有了改进,但ITRF200VEL模型存在诸多问题:总角动量|L|=0.127,即不为零,与协议参考架(CTRF)不符,存在整体旋转,并建立无旋转NNR-ITRF2000VEL模型,台站不均匀分布全球板块、部分板块界线不明确以及有的板块不满足刚性特征等,这些对ITRF2000的高精度应用和长期维持、地球自转参数的长期变化都将产生一定的影响。 相似文献
7.
James W. Head III Lionel Wilson 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,121(3-4):155-193
Submarine pyroclastic eruptions at depths greater than a few hundred meters are generally considered to be rare or absent because the pressure of the overlying water column is sufficient to suppress juvenile gas exsolution so that magmatic disruption and pyroclastic activity do not occur. Consideration of detailed models of the ascent and eruption of magma in a range of sea floor environments shows, however, that significant pyroclastic activity can occur even at depths in excess of 3000 m. In order to document and illustrate the full range of submarine eruption styles, we model several possible scenarios for the ascent and eruption of magma feeding submarine eruptions: (1) no gas exsolution; (2) gas exsolution but no magma disruption; (3) gas exsolution, magma disruption, and hawaiian-style fountaining; (4) volatile content builds up in the magma reservoir leading to hawaiian eruptions resulting from foam collapse; (5) magma volatile content insufficient to cause fragmentation normally but low rise speed results in strombolian activity; and (6) volatile content builds up in the top of a dike leading to vulcanian eruptions. We also examine the role of bulk-interaction steam explosivity and contact-surface steam explosivity as processes contributing to volcaniclastic formation in these environments. We concur with most earlier workers that for magma compositions typical of spreading centers and their vicinities, the most likely circumstance is the quiet effusion of magma with minor gas exsolution, and the production of somewhat vesicular pillow lavas or sheet flows, depending on effusion rate. The amounts by which magma would overshoot the vent in these types of eruptions would be insufficient to cause any magma disruption. The most likely mechanism of production of pyroclastic deposits in this environment is strombolian activity, due to the localized concentration of volatiles in magma that has a low rise rate; magmatic gas collects by bubble coalescence, and ascends in large isolated bubbles which disrupt the magma surface in the vent, producing localized blocks, bombs, and pyroclastic deposits. Another possible mode of occurrence of pyroclastic deposits results from vulcanian eruptions; these deposits, being characterized by the dominance of angular blocks of country rocks deposited in the vicinity of a crater, should be easily distinguishable from strombolian and hawaiian eruptions. However, we stress that a special case of the hawaiian eruption style is likely to occur in the submarine environment if magmatic gas buildup occurs in a magma reservoir by the upward drift of gas bubbles. In this case, a layer of foam will build up at the top of the reservoir in a sufficient concentration to exceed the volatile content necessary for disruption and hawaiian-style activity; the deposits and landforms are predicted to be somewhat different from those of a typical primary magmatic volatile-induced hawaiian eruption. Specifically, typical pyroclast sizes might be smaller; fountain heights may exceed those expected for the purely magmatic hawaiian case; cooling of descending pyroclasts would be more efficient, leading to different types of proximal deposits; and runout distances for density flows would be greater, potentially leading to submarine pyroclastic deposits surrounding vents out to distances of tens of meters to a kilometer. In addition, flows emerging after the evacuation of the foam layer would tend to be very depleted in volatiles, and thus extremely poor in vesicles relative to typical flows associated with hawaiian-style eruptions in the primary magmatic gas case. We examine several cases of reported submarine volcaniclastic deposits found at depths as great as 3000 m and conclude that submarine hawaiian and strombolian eruptions are much more common than previously suspected at mid-ocean ridges. Furthermore, the latter stages of development of volcanic edifices (seamounts) formed in submarine environments are excellent candidates for a wide range of submarine pyroclastic activity due not just to the effects of decreasing water depth, but also to: (1) the presence of a summit magma reservoir, which favors the buildup of magmatic foams (enhancing hawaiian-style activity) and episodic dike emplacement (which favors strombolian-style eruptions); and (2) the common occurrence of alkalic basalts, the CO2 contents of which favor submarine explosive eruptions at depths greater than tholeiitic basalts. These models and predictions can be tested with future sampling and analysis programs and we provide a checklist of key observations to help distinguish among the eruption styles. 相似文献
8.
F. Marra C. Freda P. Scarlato J. Taddeucci D. B. Karner P. R. Renne M. Gaeta D. M. Palladino R. Trigila G. Cavarretta 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2003,65(4):227-247
We present 24 40Ar/39Ar ages for the youngest volcanic products from the Alban Hills volcanic district (Rome). Combined with petrological data
on these products, we have attempted to define the chronology of the most recent phase of activity and to investigate the
magma evolution of this volcanic district. The early, mainly explosive activity of the Alban Hills spanned the interval from
561±1 to 351±3 ka. After approximately 50-kyr of dormancy, a mainly effusive phase of activity took place, accompanied by
the strombolian activity of a small central edifice (Monte delle Faete). This second phase of activity spanned the interval
308±2 to 250±1 ka. After another dormancy period of approximately 50-kyr, a new, hydromagmatic phase of activity started at
200 ka at several centers located to the southwest of the Monte delle Faete edifice. After an initial recurrence period of
approximately 50-kyr, which also characterized this new phase of activity, the longest dormancy period (approximately 80-kyr)
in the history of the volcanic district preceded the start of the activity of the Albano and Giuturna centers at 70±1 ka.
Results of our study suggest a quasi-continuous magmatic activity feeding hydromagmatic centers with a new acme of volcanism
since around 70 ka. Based on data presented in this paper, we argue that the Alban Hills should not be considered an extinct
volcanic district and a detailed re-assessment of the volcanic hazard for the area of Rome is in order.
Published online: 4 April 2003
Editorial responsibility: J. Donnelly-Nolan 相似文献
9.
高分辨率厘米级局部大地水准面的典型应用 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
介绍了香港大地水准面HKGEOID_2 0 0 0和深圳市高分辨率、高精度似大地水准面SZGEOID_2 0 0 0。利用HKGEOID_2 0 0 0和GPS椭球高求得的正常高与香港地区由三角高程测量得到的“正常高 (或本地高 )”进行比较 ,结果表明 ,其差值的均方根为 0 .1 0 2m ,标准差 (STD)为± 3 .4cm。结合HKGEOID_2 0 0 0、SZGEOID_2 0 0 0和这两个大地水准面模型重复覆盖地区的高精度GPS水准数据 ,探测这两个大地水准面模型之间的差异和香港主要高程基准面 (HKPD)与我国 1 95 6黄海高程基准面之间的系统偏差。 相似文献
10.
强震观测建筑结构的地震反应分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
选择取得强震观测资料的建筑结构为研究对象,采用有限元法建立结构的动力反应分析模型,利用SAP2000程序分析了结构的地震反应,并同实际记录到的结构地震反应进行了对比分析,讨论了结构模型参数估计和一些不确定因素对模型精度的影响。 相似文献