武汉地区晚第三纪三种被子植物硅化木研究

本文研究了我国湖北省武汉市新洲县阳逻镇北部发掘的硅化木它们是武汉杜英，武汉猫尾木湖北石梓。这些硅化木的地质年代为晚第三纪。硅化木的发掘反映了当时当地的气候比较炎热和潮湿。从树种方面为长江流域新生代的地质，古地理，古生物群演变研究，提供了瓣的科学证据。     

最古老的被子植物——具三心皮结构的生殖器官化石

被子植物雌性生殖器官化石采自辽宁省西部朝阳地区中生代的义县组,其地质时代属于晚侏罗世,这是迄今所知最古老的被子植物化石.化石为具3数花的聚伞花序,有明显的三心皮结构:即3个分裂的柱头和花柱各与1个子房相连,在早期被子植物化石中尚无可比较的属种.确定为1个新属种,名为:梁氏朝阳序Chaoyangia liangii Duan gen.et sp.nov.     

藻类有性生殖过程的细胞信号转导

植物的有性生殖过程是一个极其复杂的生物学过程,受多种信号转导途径的调控和影响。因此,负责识别、转导、接受、处理环境有关信号的信号转导途径成为人们感兴趣的研究对象。在被子植物中,雌雄配子均包埋在各自的配子体中,实验操作难度较大,借鉴藻类这一较低等的植物进行研究,对于深入了解植物界的有性生殖过程将是有益的。     

A Spore-Pollen Assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation in the Tamutsag Basin,Mongolia and Its Geological Implication

Based on the palynological data from Well Ta-19-36 and Well Ta-19-37 in the Ta'nan Sag, and Well Ta-22-1 and Well Ta-21-1 in the Bayin Gobi Sag, a spore-pollen assemblage from the Damoguaihe Formation is named as Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus- Aequitriradites spinulosus-Protopinus sp. assemblage in the Tamutsag Basin, Mongolia. The assemblage is characterized by abundant gymnosperm pollen and diverse fern spores, counted 46.35%–65.57% and 34.43%–52.58% in percentage respectively. Among the gymnosperm pollen, Pinuspollenites sp.(2.66%–16.94%), Protopinus sp.(0–11.38%) and Protopicea sp.(0–10.81%) are dominant; and Alisporites sp., Cerebropollenites sp., Podocarpidites sp., and Abietineaepollenites sp. are common. Some important elements, such as Chasmatosporites sp., Callialasporites prominulus, Parvisaccites sp., Parcisporites sp., Jiaohepollis cf. annulatus, J. bellus, J. verus, Polycingulatisporites sp., Schizaeoisporites certus, Classopollis annulatus are seen. Within the fern spores, Osmundacidites wellamanii(0.85%–4.93%), Appendicisporites sp.(0–4.45%), Baculatisporites comaumensis(0.80%–2.87%), Cicatricosisporites sp.(0.51%–2.66%), C. minor(0–2.14%), Foraminisporis asymmetricus(0–2.40%), Aequitriradites sp.(0– 2.19%) and Cyathidites minor(0–2.13%) are dominant; and some specie of Densoisporites, Cooksonites, Impardecispora, Pilosisporites, Schizaeosprites, Fixisporites, Leptolepidites, Trilobosporites, Kuylisporites, Klukisporites, Hsuisporites, Couperisporites, Maculatisporites are seen. The angiosperm pollen are rare in the assemblage, characterized by Clavatipollenites sp.(0–0.80%) and Songipollis sp.(0–0.27%). The geological age of the Damoguaihe Formation is assigned to Hauterivian – Barremian of Early Cretaceous according to the palynological data, due to the fact that there existed a lot of diverse spores of the family Schizaeaceae and prosperous gymnosperm saccat pollen which the corpus and sacci are differentiated completely, and the presence of early angiosperm pollen of Clavatipollenites. However, the zircon U-Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic rocks in the Nantun Formation indicated that the overlying strata of the Nantun Formation, i.e. the Damoguaihe Formation must be younger than 127.0±2.0–137.9±1.5 Ma. This is consistent with the palynological data. Furthermore, the vegetation reconstructed on the palynological data of the Damoguaihe Formation is conifer forest with shrubs and grassland, belonging to the semi-humid or humid middle to south subtropical climate. Moreover, three new species, namely Biretisporites punctatus sp. nov., Chasmatosporites reticulates sp. nov. and Concentrisporites contractus sp. nov. are described here.     

辽宁发现1．6亿年前花化石

最近,我国学者在辽宁地区再次发现1．6亿年前对传统“演化规律”提出挑战的远古植物——花化石。中科院南京地质古生物研究所王鑫博士和中科院植物研究所王士俊博士在刚刚出版的《地质学报》英文版上报道了这种新发现的侏罗纪被子植物化石,并将其命名为“中华星学花”。据王鑫介绍,中华星学花化石出土于葫芦岛市连山区白马石乡三角城子,化石地层为海房沟组,属于中侏罗世。化石为炭化的压型化石,保存着很多珍贵细节。     

古果属(Archae fructus)研究进展及其时代的讨论

迄今最早的被子植物—古果属(Archaefructus)，包括“辽宁古果”和“中华古果”，以其对折状心皮在轴上螺旋状排列、雄蕊成对状着生、具单沟状花粉等特征。显示了它们在早期被子植物中的原始性。古果属茎枝细弱、叶子细而深裂、叶柄基部多膨突等特征。反映了该属的水生革本特征。根据对其生殖器官及营养器官等特征研究，推测该属很可能源于现已灭绝的、古老的种子蕨类。结合对其伴生的植物化石及相关地质、地理背景等综合分析，认为古果属及叉县组下部的时代为晚侏罗世，而并非早白垩世。     

来自植物多样性的智慧启迪人类

目前已知地球上被子植物有30多万种,中国有3万多种,仅次于巴西和马来西亚,排名世界第三。丰富的植物种类和其对环境的适应,是组成稳定生态系统的关键,它们是包括人类在内的其它生命的基础。     

海拉尔盆地海参1井伊敏组孢粉组合的地层意义

海参1井伊敏组孢粉化石异常丰富,自下而上可以划分出3个孢粉组合:Impardecispora-Cyathidites-Clavatipollenites组合,Stereisporites-Deltoidospora-Asteropollis组合,Appendicisporites-Asteropollis-Tricolpites组合,分别分布于伊敏组一段、二段和三段,组合特征明显,是海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷划分伊敏组与大磨拐河组的重要生物依据之一,更是伊敏组内三段划分和井间对比的生物依据之一。3个孢粉组合中见有属种繁多的海金沙科孢子及其他繁盛于早白垩世中晚期的孢子花粉,结合在绝大多数样品中发现的早期被子植物花粉的情况分析,推测含这3个孢粉组合的伊敏组地质时代为早白垩世巴列姆期—早阿尔必期(Barremian—Early Albian)。     

中国吉林大拉子组的时代探讨

大拉子组是我国东北地区早白垩世的典型层位,但该组的具体地质年代一直存在不同的看法。根据最近发现的植物化石材料,通过对大拉子组被子植物优势属的地质分布以及与国内外被子植物群的对比研究,发现大拉子组与北美Potomac带B中部的被子植物群较为相似,结合孢粉、昆虫、叶肢介、介形虫及鱼化石等其他生物化石证据,认为吉林大拉子组的地质时代很可能为阿尔必中期或晚期。