秦岭山地气候变化的地形效应

研究不同地形下的山地气候变化对于植被生长、不同动物种群的生存习性及对气候的应激性有重要意义。本文基于陕西秦岭地区1959—2016年32个国家站的日气温和降水资料,采用Anusplin插值法、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、稳健回归和Theil-sen回归法等方法分析了山区地形对气候变化的影响。结论如下:(1)58年来秦岭四个坡向上年均温度随着海拔的升高呈现显著下降趋势,年降水随着海拔的升高呈现不同程度的上升趋势。温度随坡度的增加表现出下降趋势;除秦岭南坡西段外,降水随着坡度的增加呈现出上升趋势,但均不显著。(2)年尺度上,秦岭山地南坡和南坡东段的气温呈显著增温趋势,南坡西段和北坡呈不显著增温趋势;四个方向上的降水均呈显著下降趋势。秦岭山地四个方向上的干湿等级为正常,北坡和南坡西段的干湿状况一致,58年年均SPEI均为0.07,南坡东段较暖湿(0.08),南坡较暖干(0.05)。(3)季节尺度上,秦岭山地四个方向上除了夏季外,其他季节的气温均表现出不同程度的升温趋势,降水均呈下降趋势。秦岭四个方向上四季干湿变化属于正常等级。秦岭北坡出现春季干暖化趋势;南坡秋季较暖湿;南坡东段和西段的冬季呈暖湿化特征;南坡西段夏季呈现暖干化特征。     

昆仑山口大地震与地形变异常的讨论

针对昆仑山口大地震，总结了多种地形变（大地测量）手段所显示的异常变化及其时空分布，结果显示：8．1级大震前存在空间尺度大，时间尺度的地形变前兆异常，简要介绍了相关的异常图像，给出了初步解释，并对未来震情的发展进行了探讨，认为近期内强震活动向华北迁移的可能性不大。     

露天采石场边坡稳定性与加固

舟山群岛位于我国南北海运和长江内河航运干线的交汇点，近临上海、宁波等大都市，区域条件独特。区域内岛屿众多，深水港资源集中，渔业、旅游资源丰富，岛内以丘陵山地为主，地少人多。随着国民经济快速发展，船舶修造业建设、劈山造地、围填海涂及各类市政交通建设等日益增多。使舟山放炮开山的露天采石场仍然较多。     

Effect of Ploughing Depth on the Growth and Yield of Heracleum candicans： a Threatened Medicinal Herb and a Less-explored Potential Crop of the Himalayan Region

This paper examines the effect of ploughing depths （A -- 60 cm, B -- 45 cm and C -- 30 cm） on the growth and yield of Heracleum candicans Wall （Apiaceae）, a threatened medicinal herb of the Himalayan region. This less-explored plant is being suggested as a potential crop for the mountain agriculture. The study was carried out in an orchard in Himachal Pradesh, India at 2500 m altitude, for two successive growth years. During the first year, all plants remained in juvenile state; in the second year, nearly 65 % plants produced flowers only under 60cm ploughing depth. Among its morphological traits, plant height, collar diameter and aboveground flesh weight were found to be strongly correlated （P 〈 0.01） with the belowground biomass during the first year （r =0.968, 0.925 and 0.973, respectively） and during the second year （r=0.945, 0.928 and 0.775, respectively）. Increase in the ploughing depth was significantly correlated （P〈0.01） with all growth parameters, including the belowground dry weight, marketable portion of the produce. The belowground biomass （commercial yield; 16.28 Qt/hec） at depth A was about 2.6 and 4.7 times higher than those recorded at depths B and C, respectively. The results clearly justify the importance of deep ploughing and this paper strongly recommends it for economically sustainable cropping.     

The Role of Aga Khan Rural Support Programme in Rural Development in the Karakorum, Hindu Kush ＆ Himalayan Region： Examples from the Northern Mountainous Belt of Pakistan

Pakistan is predominantly a mountainous country where rural development activities are characterised by inconsistency, politically motivated short-term projects without proper feedback. Since the inception of the country, the top-down approach has been followed, and the same development plans that were formulated for the plain areas have been extended to the mountains without any modification. In doing so, neither the participation of the local communities was cared for, nor the mountain specificities were considered in the planning process. Moreover, the representation of the local inhabitants was improper and contradictory to the facts. This biased approach has been one of the main causes for the failure of development projects carried out by different agencies of the Government. Contrary to the perception of the state authorities, the mountain communities proved to be more open to accept new approaches and demonstrated the capacity and capability of being a dependable development partner. In this paper, a detailed account of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme （AKRSP） has been presented to assess and evaluate the approach followed by this non-governmental organisation （NGO）, and the response of the local inhabitants as collaborators in the development process. The achievements of the AKRSP from project planning, implementation and monitoring can be adopted as a model for rural development not only in the plains, but also in the mountainous areas of the developing countries in the world.     

编制天水幅地质图之讨论

(一)图幅范围本图为中央地质调查所主编百万分之一全国地质图中之一幅,其范围为经度102°—108°,纬度32°—36°,包括陇山区,秦岭区(秦岭西段),巴山区,及夏河松潘间草地区。     

地形面方法在渭河盆地活断层研究中的应用

本文主要依据地形图和航空照片解译，并经已有地质、钻孔资料验证及野外实地考察的方法来研究地形面及其变形特征，由此确定渭河盆地活断层的分布、最新活动特征及活动规律，为地震预报及地震危险性分析提供依据。