PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOODING AND DROUGHT CLAMITY DURING PAST 1500 YEARS IN THE HAI′AN REGION，JIANGSU PROVINCE

Collection and arrangement of the historical records of climatic changes and environment evolution,espectial-lyin the aspect of calamities,are made on the history documents of past 1500 years about Haiˊan region,Jiangsu Province.There existed two obvious flooding-drought frequently-occurring periods:one was from 1550 AD to 1850 AD and another was 100 AD to 1200AD.The period of 1550 AD to1850 AD is interrupted by two relatively arid and cold climatic periods:one was from 1630 AD to 1700 AD and another was 1750 AD to 1820 AD.The main characteristic of the calamity periods is that they occurred by turns,and sometimes,both drought and flooding occurred in the same year.The instability of the climatic changes in the Little Ice Age may be the main reason of the frequently-occurring flooding and drought in Haiˊan region.Research results also show that the frequently-occurring periods of flooding and drought is in close relationship with the solar activity,and therefore,occurrence of the flooding and drought may be in relation with the intensity of the solar activity.This hypothesis may need further study in the future.     

莱州湾南岸潍河下游地区咸水入侵灾害成因及特征

通过对莱州湾南岸咸水入侵较严重地潍河下游地区晚更新世以来沉积特征及现代自然环境条件变化的分析，探讨了沉积相对咸水入侵产生及空间范围特征的环境机理。晚更新世以来的三次海平面升降变化造成了潍河下游地区海陆沉积环境交替，形成了巨厚的海陆交互相沉积层。海进时期，大面积的滨海平原被淹没，在近海平原洼地滞留的海水经过蒸发、浓缩变为卤水，成为咸水入侵的物源；海退后陆源碎屑在滨海地区沉积形成了巨厚的古河道砂层。20世纪70年代末期以来，随着对地下淡水的过度开采，淡咸水水头压力差减小．卤水通过古河道砂层快速南侵。通过对潍河下游地区100余个地质钻孔水化学连续监测资料分析，阐明了咸水入侵的特征，有针对性地提出了咸水入侵的防治措施。     

青藏高原隆升与亚洲环境演变——李吉均院士论文选集

本书采撷了著名地理学家李吉均院士地理学、冰川学、地貌学等领域学术著作的精品，共29篇。论文大致反映了李先生关于高山冻原与大陆性冰川和海洋性冰川研究、青藏高原现代冰川和第四纪冰川研究、青藏高原隆起的时代幅度和形式探讨、冰川地貌与沉积相研究、中国东部第四纪冰川与环境研究、“季风三角”理论、黄河阶地和黄河起源，黄土系列与地文明、青藏运动、西部开发研究和其他重要学术思想与学术成就。     

TL dating of loess in China

TL ages of 56 loess samples collected from Xinjiang and the middle reaches of the Yellow River were determined by using fine-grained quartz and man-made light source bleaching techniques.The results indicate that :1.The well-preserved loess sections in Xinjiang began depositing 400000 a ago.The loess/paleosol series may be comparable with that observed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River but the depositing time was probably delayed by 30000-50000a.2.The bottom boundary age of the Malan loess varies from one place to another.The TL dates can be divided into two group:70000-130000 a and 30000-50000 a.The TL data are con-sistent with the appearance of two warmer climate periods since the Pleistocene,indicating obvious regional differences in stratigraphic development of loess,i.e.,paleosol occurred in the warm climate period in the same location,but loess was deposited in other locations.The initial age of loess deposition tends to become older from west to east and from south to north .In contrast ,the cold cli-matic belt showed an opposite trend.The TL ages of loess provide strong evidence for the Quaternary stratigraphy throughout geological times and the shift tendency of climatic belt.3.The depositing rate of the Malan loess along the middle reaches of the Yellow River varies from place to place but the TL age shows a linear relationship with the depositing thickness.The de-positing rate of loess in the north is higher than that in the south,suggesting that loess materials are derived from desert areas of northern China.     

澜沧江云南德钦古水一带第四纪堰塞湖的沉积特征及其环境意义

在云南省西北部德钦县古水一带深切的澜沧江河谷中,发现了一套第四纪湖相沉积物,以纹层状粘土、粉砂质粘土和粉砂的互层组合为特征,构成了第三和第四级阶地的基座.笔者对该湖相剖面进行了U系、孢粉和若干地球化学指标的分析测试,并以这些结果讨论了古湖的形成时代和成因,以及古湖堆积时期的古植被和古气候.剖面顶部、中部和中下部粘土的U系法年龄测定结果分别为52.3±3.4 ka、64.2±5.6 ka和81.9±6.5 ka,说明古水古湖形成于晚更新世早中期的末次间冰期晚期和末次冰期的早冰阶与间冰阶早期,很可能是大型冰川(如下游的明永冰川等)或巨量的冰水沉积物堰塞了澜沧江河谷而造成的结果.     

两千年来黑河流域水资源平衡估算与下游水环境演变驱动分析

利用地方史志、历史地理、树木年轮和近代器测记录相关的黑河流域历史时期人口变动、水土资源开发利用、下游湖泊变化、流域水资源和气候变化等资料, 通过对比上游出山水资源量、中游人类活动水资源利用量和下游湖泊面积变化, 在千年-百年时间尺度上对流域水资源平衡进行了估算, 并分析了历史时期各阶段下游湖泊水环境和天然绿洲演变过程和驱动机制. 研究结果表明: 在黑河流域, 气候变化条件下的上游山区水资源总量和中游走廊平原区绿洲人类活动用水后下泄的水资源量, 决定了下游水环境演变过程;在两千年来显现出不同历史阶段的流域水资源平衡模式和下游水环境演变特征, 以及气候变化和人类活动在不同历史时期的耦合驱动机制.     

铀市场价及近几年铀市场价的演变

铀市场价(特别是现货价)从2004年以来发生了明显的变化.铀价变化经历了几个时期:从1991年至2004年为铀价的缓慢增长期;2005～2007年是铀价的快速上扬期,其中2006年第4季度至2007年上半年为暴涨期;2007年下半年以来至今,铀价经过急速下滑进入了稳定期.作者归纳了这几个铀价变化时期的主要特点、分析了其原因,并展望了今后铀价的走势.     

淮河流域干江河年径流演变特征及动因分析

以干江河1954～2001年径流时闯序列为研究对象,采用数理统计和混沌分形结合的方法,揭示干江河年径流演变特征及物理成因.结果表明:年径流量存在不太显著的减少趋势;径流演变存在两次明显的突变,即1957年和1985年,三个阶段序列的统计特征值存在明显差异;人类因素对径流减少的贡献率在三个阶段依次为O%、3.2%、7.5%;工业、城镇居民大量用水和农业灌溉用水是影响径流减少的人类因素中最主要的因素.     

黄河内蒙古段冰凌形成机理及凌汛成因分析研究

本文着重分析研究黄河内蒙古段冰凌形成杌理、冰情演变及凌汛成因.文中系统分析了黄河内蒙古段的冰情演变过程的四个时期,即由冰晶形成至产生大量冰凌的成冰期;由凌块封冻至盖面冰层增至最厚的结冰期:冰层开始融化至解冻前的融冰期和解冻开河至冰凌消失的消冰期.分析研究了影响凌汛成因的热力、动力和河势三大作用因素.使河水成冰又由冰融化成水的热量交换作用的因素,包括太阳辐射热、水温、气温、风、降水量、空气中的湿度:水位的抬升以至流速的变化等水流作用,均为动力因素;河道的特性影响为河势因素,通过分析研究,便于指导防凌实践,使防凌工作更加科学合理.