医学生信息技术实践创新能力的培养研究

新时代背景下,卫生信息化建设对人才的需求越来越注重创新和实践能力,因而培养医学生的主动实践和创新能力成为高等教育改革的重要研究课题之一。教学实践中,如何改变教学方法,有针对性地锻炼学生的动手能力,激发学生的创新思维,是广大教育工作者所积极探索的。笔者在《图形图像处理》课程的实际教学中,从学习动机理论和建构主义学习理论研究出发,采用任务驱动为基本教学方法,结合竞赛驱动方式,取得了较好的教学效果,有益于医学生计算机实践创新能力的培养。     

我国医学生死亡教育实施及研究述评

The degree-day model is one important method to estimate glacier melt, which is based on the specific relationship between glacial melting and the sum of daily mean temperatures above the melting point. According to the observation data on the Koxkar Glacier(KG) from 2005 to 2010, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of degree-day factors(DDF) and its influential factors. The results indicate that the average value of DDF was 7.2~10.4 mm/(°C·d) on the KG from 2005 to 2010. It showed a decreasing trend between 3,700 m and 4,200 m, and the deceasing trend was more obvious in the upper part of the KG. On a spatial scale, the DDF increased evidently with increasing altitude. The DDF ranged from3.6 to 9.3 mm/(°C·d) at 3,700 m a.s.l., with the average value of 9.3 mm/(°C·d). It varied from 6.9 to 13.0 mm/(°C·d) at4,000 m a.s.l., with the average value of 10.2 mm/(°C·d). During the period of ablation, the fluctuation of DDF was not significant at the lower altitude(3,700 m a.s.l.), but it decreased at the higher altitudes(4,000 m a.s.l. and 4,200 m a.s.l.).The debris changes the transmission of heat, which accelerates the melting of a glacier; and the DDF showed high value.This paper will provide the reference for temporal–spatial parameterization schemes of DDF on Tuomuer glaciers of the Tianshan Mountains.     

某医学院学生营养知识及营养状况调查

目的了解大学生营养状况、营养知识的知晓情况,以便为提高大学生的营养健康水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取某医学院校3~4年级本科学生205人,对其进行问卷调查、体格检测和实验室检查。结果医学生对营养相关知识平均得分为(80.53±11.99)分,女生高于男生(t=5.61,P<0.01);护理学专业(86.60±10.27)高于预防医学专业(79.41±11.87),高于临床医学专业(75.91±11.28),专业间差异具有统计学意义(F=18.39,P<0.01);医学生获取营养知识的途径主要来源于课堂教学(64.5%)、书刊报纸(46.0%)和电视广播(15.5%);BMI指数女生倾向于营养不良,消瘦发生率为27.2%,男生倾向于营养过剩,超重发生率为14.3%;男生锌、铁缺乏率分别为73.5%和8.2%,女生分别为80.8%和32.5%,铁缺乏率在性别之间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=11.20,P<0.05)结论医学生对营养相关知识掌握情况总体较好,但营养不良发生率较高,女性血清铁和总体血清锌含量偏低。