发挥自身优势 扩大经营 走探采一体化道路

煤炭地质勘查单位,通过几十年的艰苦奋斗,不仅为国家找出了大量的煤炭资源,同时也积累了丰富的管理、施工和技术工作经验,以及大量的地质资料。应该发挥自身优势,充分利用大量的以往地质资料,结合新的找矿理论和先进的地面勘查手段,加大人才培养和引进力度,逐步提升专业技术人员的学识和科技水平,加强基础地质工作,不断寻找新的工作靶区,把握住煤炭勘查市场的主动权。抓住机遇,做好资金积累,加强资本运做,充分利用已有探矿权,走探采一体化道路,做精做强到做大地勘单位,是生存和发展的良好出路。     

地震勘探中的炸药震源药量理论与实验分析

炸药由于具有良好的脉冲特性及高能量的特点而作为地震勘探中的主要震源，就炸药本身来说，在地震勘探中药量、井深等参数的选取对激发能量和激发频率有很大的影响。为此，本文运用炸药爆炸理论，从炸药作功角度来加以论述，并通过理论和实验分析得出选取一个最佳的药量和井深激发，既能提高炸药作功能力，又能增强激发能量，从而激发强能量的高频震源子波，达到指导野外地震采集和节约经济成本的目的。     

厦门市海沧区北市花岗岩矿滑坡形成机制及治理设计

厦门市海沧区北市花岗岩矿滑坡发生于2004年10月30日14时。滑坡位于呆场的西端帮顶部的第四系填土和淤泥质土层中，滑体将该区域原设的抗滑桩剪断、拔出、推移，土石迅速越过矿区运输公路，塌落到采场工作面，将正在作业的2名工人和生产设备掩埋。滑坡宽度约60m，最大垂直厚度约14m，总体积约13000m^3。由于滑坡对原有防护体系的破坏，根据滑体调查和极限平衡计算结果，滑坡处于不稳定状态，直接威胁着整个采场设备和未来生产的安全。必须对北市花岗岩矿滑坡进行专项治理。滑坡宜采用治水、削坡减载和支挡相结合的综合治理措施。     

Hydrobiology of some solar salt works in India

The hydrobiology of two Indian solar salt works was investigated. A salient feature was variability in physico-chemical and biological characteristics. The filamentous cyanophyceansLyngbya majuscula andOscillatoria salina and the chlorophyceanXenococcus aceervatus were the major primary producers. Significant fauna were protozoans, rotifers and copepods.Artemia was present in only one set of solar salt pans, where it was dominant. The study illustrates the importance ofArtemia in the biological management of solar salt works. This paper is dedicated to Thiru. K. Ayyaru Vandayar, Member, Governing body, A.V.V.M. Sri Pshpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, on his sixtieth birthday     

River channel adjustments downstream from channelization works in England and Wales

Relatively little attention has been given to river channel adjustments that occur downstream from channelization works. This study is concerned with the nature of channel adjustments downstream from a total of 46 channelization works located in low and high energy environments in England and Wales. Channel changes are identified principally by the method of field survey and by reconstructing the original positions of eroded beds and banks. Use is also made of maps, aerial photographs, and engineering drawings of different dates and the technique of space-for-time substitution is applied. Enlargement of channel cross-sections through erosion had occurred downstream from a variety of types, sizes, and dates of channelization works. The maximum increase of channel size was 153 per cent. Out of a total of 14 sites with enlarged channel cross-sections, seven had undergone a change of width only, at a further three width increased rather than depth, and at the remaining four sites depth increases were dominant. These sites all have relatively high stream powers. Factors causing spatial variation of erosion included tree roots locally binding bank sediments and the occurrence of bends. Planform change had taken place at only one site. A further three high stream power sites had downstream reaches incised into bedrock and therefore did not exhibit adjustment. Channel enlargement is explained in terms of increased flood flows downstream from channelization works causing higher stream velocities, which in turn cause erosion, thereby increasing channel width and/or depth. Examination of flow records for 35 stations revealed flood events which would formerly have spread overbank but are now confined by the channelization works and are therefore likely to alter downstream flows. At sites with downstream change it is proposed that the energy of increased flows was sufficient to exceed a threshold required for erosion of perimeter sediments. By contrast the absence of change at a majority of sites in low energy lowland areas could be a reflection of both the incompetence of increased flows to erode and resistance provided by perimeter sediments. Sites with erosion features appear not to have yet attained new equilibrium conditions.     

EFFECTS OF RIVER NETWORK WORKS AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ON RESERVOIR SILTATION

Knowledge of the morphological dynamics of a water course is essential for management of reservoir siltation. With an example of sedimentation in a reservoir in Basilicata, Italy, this paper demonstrates the effect on reservoir siltation of the hydraulic works, which are aimed to reduce sediment transport along the fluvial network and to prevent part of the sediment discharge from reaching the lake. The effect depends on the river type and on the the geological features of river basin slopes. The paper also shows how mass erosion can significantly contribute to development of reservoir siltation. Finally, preliminary results are provided about the time needed for river training works to be effective.     

重庆市镇安场变形体与库岸岸勘查治理

对镇安场变形体、库岸特征及其稳定性研究目的是为三峡水库区三期地质灾害勘察与治理提供参考依据。通过对该变形体的工程地质勘察,取得了变形体及滑移带的近期变形特征,确定出变形体的稳定系数。给出变形体在天然状态下、连续高强度暴雨、水库蓄水位达175m及降至145m时荷载受力情况下的一系列参数,并作出稳定性简评。通过对库岸现状的定量勘查,采用对未来坍岸破坏方式的预测,用类比及计算法得出当库水位动、静态发生改变时变形体的变形情况及变形体与库岸防治设计的有关参数。其中浅基础下岩石地基承载力的经验参数为:强风化泥岩300kPa,强风化砂岩500kPa,中等风化泥岩1000kPa,中等风化砂岩2000kPa;基底摩擦系数为:泥岩0.4,砂岩0.5;墙后填土重度20kN/m3。按上述各项参数实施防治措施将取得较好的效果。     

某深埋特长隧洞线路比选方案研究

滇中引水工程香炉山隧洞为特长深埋隧洞,起点位于冲江河右岸石鼓镇,终点位于洱海边的长育村,此前已对该段进行东、中、西等多方向的较大范围线路比选[1]。通过已有地质资料进行线路对比,提出了8条比选线路,从各线路长度和形态,存在的主要工程地质问题,隧洞地质、施工条件等进行比较、分析、研究,最终选定中4线为推荐方案。论文简要介绍了隧洞线路选线方案、比选的思路和方法,以期为相关工程的规划设计提供参考。     

大数据视角下的地矿工作发展与变革研究

本文提出了地矿大数据应用需要考虑地球系统和社会系统两个方面的内部规律,分析了地矿大数据的三类组成,给出了地矿大数据的四层应用架构;重点就大数据下地矿工作发展和变革提出了四项建议,包括重视数据,转变地矿工作决策模式;收集数据,夯实地矿工作决策基础;分析数据,提高地矿工作科学决策水平;开放数据,提高地矿工作服务能力和水平。     

Water reservoirs and the risk of accidental flood occurrence. Case study: Stanca–Costesti reservoir and the historical floods of the Prut river in the period July–August 2008, Romania

In the summer of 2008 the Prut river recorded a historical flow of 7140 m³/s at its entrance into Romania. This flow was the highest ever recorded of any Romanian river. The high value was generated by high amounts of rainfall recorded first on the territory of Ukraine and then in Romania. Unfortunately, there were some discrepancies between the data transmitted and intercepted from the Meteorology National Agency and Hydrology and Water Management National Agency. This is why the amount of precipitation which fell over the territory of Ukraine could not be monitored in time and punctually. Nor could the high flood wave moving rapidly from the upper basin to the lower basin. The high flow of the upper Prut caused the accumulation of an immense quantity of water in the Stanca–Costesti reservoir. Under the conditions of precipitation occurring in the lower river basin as well, the levels reached the flood quota and the reservoir reached the maximum accepted capacity, with 0·1% insurance. The release of supplementary water quantities from the reservoir would have produced catastrophic floods downstream. Keeping the water in the reservoir could have broken it and the flooding, through backwater eddies, or the riverbank settlements. In such a case, it would have produced the greatest tragedy in the hydrological history of Europe. The most significant damage was produced upstream of the barrage, next to the localities of Radauti Prut and Baranca–Hudesti, as well as in the area of the reservoir, as a result of the phenomenon known as ‘remuu’, or backwater eddies. The floods of the Prut river occurred between the end of July and the end of August. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.