脱水对浒苔光合作用的影响

对汕头南澳岛潮间带海藻浒苔(Enteromorpha     

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Hydrolase That Can Specifically Degrade the Polysaccharide Isolated from Green Seaweed Ulva prolifera

The extracellular polysaccharide hydrolase-producing strain EP-1 was isolated from seawater and identified as Paenibacillus pabuli. Furthermore, a homogeneous extracellular polysaccharide hydrolase from Paenibacillus pabuli EP-1 was purified by combining ion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography with a purification fold of 90.69 and recovery of 16.23%. Characterization of the purified polysaccharide hydrolase revealed a molecular mass of 38 k Da and optimum activity at 45℃ and pH 6.0. The polysaccharide hydrolase maintained its stability within a wide range of pH(3.0–12.0) and thermal stability when the temperature was below 50℃. The presence of Hg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺ and SDS notably decreased hydrolase activity, and organic solvents such as formaldehyde, acetone, DMF and acetonitrile completely inhibited hydrolase activity. The purified hydrolase had no activity on agar, carrageenan, gellan gum, sodium alginate, or starch, but effectively hydrolyzed the polysaccharide from Ulva prolifera. The Km and Vmax values of this hydrolase were 43.84 mg m L^-1 and 4.33 mg m L^-1 min^-1, respectively. The sequence analysis with quantitative time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicated that the hydrolase was an endoglucanase.     

Effect of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera on maize seedlings under NaCl stress

In this study, a polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) was extracted and its effect on maize seedlings under NaCl stress was investigated. Firstly, the components and structure of the EP were determined. We found that EP is a sulfated polysaccharide of high-molecular weight (Mw, 1 840 KDa) heteropolysaccharides and the main monosaccharide is rhamnose. The polysaccharide was applied to explore its effect on the growth of maize seedlings and its defense response under a salt stress. The results show that EP could promote the growth of maize seedlings under the salt stress. In addition, EP was shown able to significantly regulate membrane permeability and adjustment of osmotic substances such as soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline, antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Therefore, EP is an effective salt-resistant substance for the growth of maize seedlings under NaCl stress.     

Photosynthetic response of floating Ulva prolifera to diurnal changes of in-situ environments on the sea surface

During yellow sea green tide outbreak, the thalli of Ulva prolifera drifted more than 350 km on the sea surface from off shore of Jiangsu Province to Qingdao city, where they were exposed to complex changes of local environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the thalli to diurnal changes of environments on the sea surface, and a sea surface environment simulator (SSES) was designed to simulate the natural environment of floating U . prolifera mat. A control experiment is designed in the laboratory, which was processed under suitable conditions (20°C for temperature, 72 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s) for light intensity and 30 for salinity), and an in-situ research was conducted to study the photosynthetic responses of floating U . prolifera to diurnal changes of environments. The results show that the photosynthetic efficiency of the thalli decreased gradually with time, and decreased rapidly after 14:00 local time (LT). After exposed to the environment on the sea surface for 6 h, the photosynthetic activity of the thalli decreased significantly. Furthermore, physiological-level and molecular-level experiments revealed that non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), cyclic electron flow (CEF) and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII all played an important role in the strong photosynthetic plasticity of U . prolifera . NPQ is the most important photoprotective responses to environmental changes before 12:00 LT. The results also confirmed that the CEF and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII are the main synergistic eff ects for the thalli to adapt to the environmental changes when the process NPQ cannot work. And the result can further reveal the reason why U . prolifera can adapt to the living condition of long distance drift on the sea surface. The findings of this research could provide a theoretical basis for explaining outbreaks of the green tide and instructing the management of the problem.     

浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)生活史的初步研究

通过实验室培养实验,全面地观察描述了浒苔生活史各个阶段的发育情况。雌雄异体的配子体成熟后,放散双鞭毛的配子,雌雄配子结合成合子进而发育成孢子体,配子也可以进行单性生殖发育成膜状的配子体。孢子体成熟放散四鞭毛的游孢子,游孢子固着后,可直接发育成配子体。其生活史是单倍体的配子体与二倍体的孢子体相互交替的同形世代交替。雌雄配子具有正趋光性,易大量聚集,结合后同游孢子一样都呈负趋光性。     

青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔光合生理特点研究

研究了青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔Enteromorpha prolifera （Muell）J.Ag.色素组成及含量、光合放氧及呼吸耗氧速率、P／R（净光合放氧速率／净呼吸耗氧速率）、抗氰呼吸等各项生理指标。结果表明,该海域漂浮浒苔的各项生理指标都在正常范围内,且有抗氰呼吸的存在,生长状况良好。     

不同盐度、温度及光照对漂浮浒苔生理生态的影响

为研究不同盐度、温度及光照对漂浮浒苔生理生态的影响,我们将实验室内培养的浒苔置于不同盐度、不同温度及不同光照强度条件下培养,测定藻体光合参数。不同盐度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在盐度为0的条件下,浒苔样品实际量子效率Fv/Fm快速降低,随后Fv/Fm维持在较低水平,在盐度10‰~40‰范围内,在前5天各处理样品Fv/Fm没有明显变化,之后样品Fv/Fm有不同程度的降低。不同实验温度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在5℃~25℃,浒苔Fv/Fm呈现先上升后下降趋势。不同光照条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行测定,其数值都在第一天发生了显著降低,之后稍有波动。藻体Fv/Fm变化有所不同,处理的前2天中,所有条件下样品都有相同幅度的降低,处理第三天时,光强400μmol/(m²·s)下比其他光强下的要显著低14%~16%;到培养后期,则以160μmol/(m²·s)下要明显较高,即160μmol/(m²·s)下藻体Fv/Fm的降低总体较为平缓。光照实验表明,浒苔在低光照条件下的实际量子效率要高于高光照条件,且最大量子效率的测定也进一步证实了该结果,表明高光照条件会引起浒苔光合作用能力下降。     

Combined effects of light intensity and NH^＋4-enrichment on growth,pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera （Chlorophyta）

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of light intensity and enhanced nitrogen supply on the growth and photosynthesis of the green-tide macroalga, Ulva prolifera. Thalli of U. prolifera were grown in natural or NH 4 +-enriched seawater under two different light intensities for 7 days, and then the growth rate, pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of the thalli were evaluated. The results show that the relative growth rate(RGR) was markedly higher under the high light level than under the low light level. Enrichment with NH 4 + enhanced the RGR under high light intensity, but did not affect RGR under low light intensity. In low light conditions, NH 4 +-enrichment resulted in a marked decrease in the maximal photosynthetic rate( P m) and the maximum carbon fixation rate( V max), but it did not affect the half saturation constant for carbon( K 0.5) or the ratio of V max to K 0.5, which reflects the carbon acquisition efficiency. In high light conditions, P m, K 0.5, and the dark respiration rate( R d) increased under NH 4 + enrichment, but V max and the V max / K 0.5 ratio decreased. Regardless of the light intensity, NH 4 +-enrichment did not affect the apparent photosynthetic efficiency( α), which refl ects the ability of the alga to use light energy at low light levels. Under both low and high light intensities, the chlorophyll a(Chl a), chlorophyll b(Chl b), and carotenoids(Car) contents in thalli were higher in NH 4 +-enriched than in natural seawater, except that there was a decrease in the Chl b content of thalli in NH 4 +-enriched seawater under low light intensity. Therefore, NH 4 + enrichment improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of U. prolifera under high light intensity, but not under low light intensity. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying these physiological responses.     

基于历史数据的黄海浒苔爆发规模预测

依据黄海浒苔初始覆盖面积及最大覆盖面积的历史数据,选取温度、光强、降水3种对于浒苔生长扩散最重要的影响因子,本文提出并建立了基于BP神经网络确定转换系数R的浒苔覆盖面积预测模型,可在浒苔出现初期即实现对本年度浒苔最大覆盖面积的模拟预测,并通过历史数据进行验证。结果表明,所预测的浒苔最大爆发情况与真实情况相符,研究成果可为浒苔的应急准备工作争取更多的时间提供一定参考。