祁连山区多年冻土空间分布模拟

祁连山区位于青藏高原东北边缘,是亚洲水塔重要的组成部分,多年冻土的变化对生态系统和水资源平衡有着重要影响。基于青藏高原第二次综合科学考察、道路勘察钻孔点以及前人所获得的多年冻土下界资料,回归得出祁连山区多年冻土下界统计模型,借助ArcGIS平台在DEM数据的支持下,模拟出祁连山区多年冻土空间分布图。结果表明：祁连山区多年冻土分布的下界具有良好的地带性规律,表现为随经纬度增加而降低的规律;祁连山区多年冻土在空间分布上呈现出以哈拉湖为中心向四周扩散的分布格局;祁连山区总面积约为16.90×10⁴ km²,其中多年冻土面积约为8.03×10⁴ km²,占总面积约47.51%。多年冻土区与季节冻土区之间存在着有不连续多年冻土分布的过渡区,过渡区面积约1.43×10⁴ km²,占总面积约8.46%。     

苔藓生物结皮层腐殖质组成变化特征研究

腐殖质组成是表征土壤化学性质的主要指标之一,在某种程度对评价风沙土的发育过程具有意义。采集了不同气候区沙地沙漠苔藓生物结皮层样品,采用重铬酸钾容量法和光密度法测定了苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量和胡敏酸吸光特性。结果表明：随着干燥指数的增加,苔藓结皮层有机质含量由14.93 g·kg^-1降低到9.89 g·kg^-1,腐殖酸总量由5.1 g·kg^-1降低到2.0 g·kg^-1,胡敏酸含量由2.9 g·kg^-1降低到 0.7 g·kg^-1,富里酸含量由2.2 g·kg^-1降低到1.3 g·kg^-1,胡敏酸与富里酸比值（HA/FA）由1.32降低到0.54,E₄/E₆比值则由4.28增加到5.83。苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量及胡敏酸吸光特性具有地带性变化趋势,并影响着生物结皮层及流动风沙土的发育演变过程。     

Regional and temporal changes in bivalve diversity off the south coast of Portugal

From 2000 to 2006, a total of 75 bivalve species were identified, varying from 29 (spring 2001) to 54 species (spring 2005) per year. Seasonal tendencies in diversity varied according the year, thus the interpretation of long-term and regional scales is essential before drawing any conclusions in other studies. Richness and diversity consistently decreased with depth and increased with sediment grain size (from low in very coarse sand to high in coarse silt). Diversity decreased progressively from 3 to 16 m depth, thus the harsher shallower environments (due to waves and tidal air exposure) showed greater diversity than the most stable areas. Communities in finer sediments were more diverse than those in coarser sand. Evenness showed patterns opposite to diversity, overall.Diversity and evenness maps (produced with multivariate universal kriging), showed that most geographic areas with greater diversity were farer from river outflows and wastewater treatment plants. Two types of geographic pattern were observed: areas with persistently greater bivalve diversity through time and areas that changed locally from year to year. This spatial analysis can be used to establish priority conservation areas for management purposes, and to analyse the persistency of regional diversity patterns. The area with most habitat heterogeneity (Sotavento) corresponded to greatest diversity.There was a positive relationship between Spisula solida and Chamelea gallina landings and bivalve diversity 2 years and 1 year later, respectively. Possibly, local fisheries, by selectively withdrawing the commercial numerically dominant species from the ecosystem, increased diversity 1 to 2 years later, as the ecological niches of the dominants are quickly filled by several other species thereby creating a more even community. On regional scales, no significant impact was found on long-term bivalve diversity in local fisheries,     

中国大陆地区热流数据的分布及其初步分析

本文首次系统地收集整理了观测资料比较齐全、国内公开发表的热流数据167个,并对之进行了初步分析。这些数据的地理分布还很不均匀,热流值变化范围为25—245mWm-2,多种平均方法得到的结果表明,中国大陆区域代表性热流值范围为61—68mWm-2。作者所作的经纬度网格和条带统计还揭示,数据覆盖区内热流沿经、纬向的分布有明显的差异,纬向条带平均热流值看来具有波状起伏变化的规律。这一结果已经得到日本及其周围海域热流数据的初步印证,如果获得更广泛的证实,无疑具有深刻的地质和地球物理意义     

我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的空间变化特征

主要根据全国第二次土壤普查的成果，对我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的含量和胡敏酸与富里酸比值的空间变化特征进行了概括，进而探讨了在不同自然和人因素影响下，土壤有机质的累积状况与稳定性特征。     

Distribution of ionospheric O<Superscript>+</Superscript> ion in synchronous altitude region

Based on satellite observation data, using dynamics equation, the ionospheric O⁺ ion’s distribution in the synchronous altitude region for different geomagnetic activity indexK _p is studied by theoretical modeling and numerical analyzing, and semi-empirical models for the O⁺ ion’s density and flux versus longitude in the synchronous altitude region for differentK _p are given. The main results show that in the synchronous altitude region: (i) The O⁺ ion’s density and flux in day-side are larger than those in nightside. (ii) With longitude changing, the higher the geomagnetic activity indexK _p is, the higher the O⁺ ion’s density and flux, and their variation amplitude will be. The O⁺ ion’s density and flux whenK _{p ≥} 6 will be about ten times as great as that whenK _p = 0. (iii) WhenK _p = 0 orK _{p ≥} 6, the O⁺ ion’s density reaches maximum at longitudes 120° and 240° respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail. WhenK _p = 3−5, the O⁺ ion’s density gets to maximum at longitude 0°, and minimum in the magnetotail. However, the O⁺ ion’s flux reaches maximum at longitude 120° and 240° respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail for anyK _p value.     

利用WIN—SURFER软件绘制物化探图件

本文主要介绍了如何在ＷＩＮ－ＳＵＲＦＥＲ环境下实现物化探图件中的经纬网绘制、标准图框绘制、曲线类型图绘制方法。     

高空探测资料气球空间经纬度偏差算法

随着数值预报的发展,模式的分辨率逐渐提高,探空气球在施放过程中受高空气流影响造成的漂移已大大超出了数值预报模式分辨率,其影响不能忽视。鉴于现有气球空间位置经纬度偏差计算方法基于站心坐标系,忽略地球曲率影响,文章从探测系统原理出发,推导出精确的基于地心坐标系的气球空间位置经纬度偏差计算公式,并通过探空数据文件对原有算法进行误差分析。     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

software reviews are in this article BMDP/PC CONCEPTS COMPUTERIZED ATLAS EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE PROPOSALS (EAP) EXTRA: EXPRESS TRANSIT ANALYSIS MATC CAD MOTORS TRANSPORTATION PACKAGE PCMAP: Thematic Mapping Software for the IBM Personal Computer, Version 2.3 PLACE TRANPLAN . US-ATLAS     

SRG剖分编码与地理坐标的转换算法研究

提出一种基于SRG剖分方法的剖分编码与经纬度坐标之间的转换算法,不涉及任何投影变换,计算过程只需加、减、乘、除简单算术运算,计算速度快,且SRG剖分编码本身就具有固定的方向性,利于邻近搜索。算法中采用坐标系辅助区分一些难以区分的菱形块,降低了转化误码率,进而提高了转换的精度。