A dated cave sediment record of Pleistocene transgressions on Berry Head,Southwest England

Berry Head, a limestone headland in Torbay, southwest England, exhibits a series of subaerial marine erosion platforms and raised beaches spanning an altitude range of 97 m. Solution caves on the headland show preferred horizontal development at elevations that are correlated with the marine erosion platforms, and developed in a marine/freshwater mixing zone whose position was controlled by high sea-level still-stands. Corbridge Cave in Berry Head Quarry lies below the raised beaches in Torbay, and contains evidence of three marine transgressions in the form of fine-grained marine ponding deposits with a marine microfauna. Uranium-series dating of intercalated speleothems indicates that a transgression during oxygen isotope stage 5e reached an elevation of 5.8 m OD, while an earlier transgression (probably during stage 7) reached at least 7.2 m OD. These findings are used to constrain possible interpretations of the aminostratigraphy of raised beaches in Southwest Britain, and a correlation of the Unnamed Stage of Bowen, Sykes, Reeves, Miller, Andrews, Brew and Hare with oxygen isotope stage 5e is proposed.     

高温气相色谱与石油分析

气相色谱最高柱温主要受柱系统技术水平的限制。使用耐高温如４００℃以上的固定相,改善配套部件的某些性能,可以将传统气相色谱的柱温提高到３２５℃以上。高温气相色谱的应用将为高分子量烃类研究提供重要的分离鉴定手段。综合国内外研究动态论述了高温气相色谱在原油的模拟蒸馏、高蜡原油分析及石蜡产品表征等几方面的研究现状和发展方向。     

Global sea level change and thermal contribution

The global long-term sea level trend is obtained from the analysis of tide gauge data and TOPEX/Poseidon data. The linear trend of global mean sea level is highly non-umiform spatially, with an average rate of 2.2 mm year-1 in T/P sea-level rise from October 1992 to September 2002. Sea level change duc to temperature vanation (the thermosteric sea level) is discussed. The results are compared with TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data in the same temporal span at different spatial scales. It is indicated that the ther-mal effect accounts for 86% and 73% of the observed seasonal variability in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The TOPEX/Poseidon observed sea level lags behind the TSI, by 2 months in the zonal band of 40°-60° in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Systematic differences of about 1-2cm between TOPEX/Poseidon observations and thermosteric sea level data are obtained. The potential causes for these differences include water exchange among the atmosphere, land, and oceans, and some pos-sible deviations in thermosteric contribution estimates and geophysical corrections to the TOPEX/Poseidon data.     

Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation in coastal grabens,north-east Rhodes,Greece

The stratigraphy of marine Plio-Pleistocene sediments from northeast Rhodes (Dodecanese islands, Greece) is revised in the light of facies mapping and the recognition of three major transgression–regression cycles. Before late Pliocene submergence, metamorphosed Mesozoic limestones formed a high-relief karstic landscape. During subsequent transgressions, subsiding basins with spectacular cliffed and bioeroded margins were infilled by a mosaic of carbonate-dominated sediments, sourced by high rates of carbonate productivity on narrow shelves rimming the basins and their drowning islands. Periods of relative sea-level fall superimposed a complex series of ‘fossil’ coastal geomorphological features such as cliffs, abrasion platforms, surf caves, notches, boulder beaches and palaeokarsts. These created the rugged present day topography of the island's northeast coast. Three main lithostratigraphic units, the Kritika, Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, are defined. The Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations are subdivided into mappable facies groups rather than members, as the lithofacies are strongly diachronous. The Kritika and Rhodes Formations were each subaerially exposed and partly eroded before re-transgression. Although there is a general pattern of lithological succession, details vary across the study area and some facies groups are restricted in development, indicating differences in tectonic behaviour and palaeo-geomorphology between neighbouring basins. A preliminary process-response model is presented for the sedimentation history of the Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, using sedimentological, palaeontological, palaeoecological and ichnological data.     

Impact of dynamic feedbacks between sedimentation,sea-level rise,and biomass production on near-surface marsh stratigraphy and carbon accumulation

Salt marshes accrete both organic and inorganic sediments. Here we present analytical and numerical models of salt marsh sedimentation that, in addition to capturing inorganic processes, explicitly account for above- and belowground organic processes including root growth and decay of organic carbon. The analytical model is used to examine the bias introduced by organic processes into proxy records of sedimentation, namely ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb. We find that accretion rates estimated using ²¹⁰Pb will be less than accretion rates estimated using the ¹³⁷Cs peak in steadily accreting marshes if (1) carbon decay is significant and (2) data for ²¹⁰Pb extend below the ¹³⁷Cs peak. The numerical model expands upon the analytical model by including belowground processes such as compaction and root growth, and by explicitly tracking the evolution of aboveground biomass and its effect on sedimentation rates. Using the numerical model we explore how marsh stratigraphy responds to sediment supply and the rate of sea-level rise. It is calibrated and tested using an extensive data set of both marsh stratigraphy and measurements of vegetation dynamics in a Spartina alterniflora marsh in South Carolina, USA. We find that carbon accumulation in marshes is nonlinearly related to both the supply of inorganic sediment and the rate of sea-level rise; carbon accumulation increases with sea-level rise until sea-level rise reaches a critical rate that drowns the marsh vegetation and halts carbon accumulation. The model predicts that changes in carbon storage resulting from changing sediment supply or sea-level rise are strongly dependent on the background sediment supply: if inorganic sediment supply is reduced in an already sediment poor marsh the storage of organic carbon will increase to a far greater extent than in a sediment-rich marsh, provided that the rate of sea-level rise does not exceed a threshold. These results imply that altering sediment supply to estuaries (e.g., by damming upstream rivers or altering littoral sediment transport) could lead to significant changes in the carbon budgets of coastal salt marshes.     

Fischer图解及其在旋回层序研究中的应用──以北京西山张夏组为例

Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ图解（又称为容纳空间图解）为人们研究沉积旋回在空间上的叠置规律、相对海平面变化、层序级次的划分以及地层层序对比等提供了一种客观实用的方法。本文较详细地讨论了该图解的绘制方法及应注意的问题。运用该图解，将北京西山下苇甸剖面张夏组划分为１个大的三级旋回层序和４个四级旋回层序，根据图解反映的相对海平面变化讨论了旋回层序与构造运动间的关系，提出华北板块晚寒武世之前的＂翘翘板运动＂应始于中寒武世张夏期之早期到中期。     

华北地台北缘奥陶系亮甲山组的碳酸盐复合海平面变化旋回层序

华北地台北缘亮甲山组地层中发育有六种碳酸盐米级旋回层序:a型和b型属潮下型,其下部单元为钙质泥岩(a型)及薄层泥晶灰岩(b型),上部单元为颗粒泥晶灰岩(a与b相同);c-f型属环潮坪型,它们的上部单元均为薄层泥晶自云岩及泥质白云岩,其下部岩石单元:c型为厚层及块状颗粒泥晶灰岩,d型为局部白云石化颗粒泥晶灰岩。e型为白云岩化颗粒泥晶灰岩,f型为中厚层含少量颗粒的泥晶结晶白云岩。从a型到f型正好构成一个米级旋回层序的环境变化谱系。
根据米级旋回层序的有序垂直叠加形式,可以建立亮甲山组地层构成的复合海平面变化旋回层序:1个三级旋回层序包含3个四级旋回层序,13-15个五级旋回层序,60余个左右的米级旋回层序。
通过这项研究表明,在浅水地层中进行露头旋回层序研究时,米级旋回层序是基本工作单元,其有序垂直叠加形式是识别长周期旋回层序的关键。     

滇东寒武系层序地层学特征

介绍了对滇东寒武系进行层序地层学研究所采用的方法、层序的基本特征及取得的主要成果。确定有１０个层序，其时限为１～１０Ｍａ，其中下寒统武有６个，中、上寒武统各２个。此外还划分出次层序２７个、组合层序２个。此项研究工作对本区寒武系地层划分与对比、界线的确定具有重要意义：（１）沧浪铺阶生物地层的争论，是由于滇东存在两个Ⅰ型层序边界，乌龙箐段与红井哨段为假整合关系，故生物带发育不完整；（２）双龙潭组与西王庙组应为同时异相沉积体；（３）双龙潭组顶部时限，以ＳＢ２ｉ为标志，应与娄山关组底部边界对比，故可能上延至晚寒武世早期     

内蒙古固阳渣尔泰山群层序地层与复合海平面变化

通过内蒙古固阳渣尔泰山群的岩性、岩相和相序研究,对其进行了层序分析和层序划分,识别出一级、二级、三级层序界面,包括海侵沟蚀面和暴露-淹没复合型层序界面。共划分出1个超层序,3个大层序和8个层序。总结出渣尔泰山群的不同古地理背景如碎屑滨岸、台缘碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混积、碳酸盐台地、台前斜坡和陆棚盆地层序发育模式以及内部构成特征,并探讨了复合海平面变化以及对层序发育和演化的控制作用。     

广东惠来地区早—中侏罗世桥源组海平面相对升降及构造背景的元素地球化学证据

惠来葵潭地区早—中侏罗世桥源组以海相和过渡相沉积为主。对样品进行全岩分析和ICP-MS微量元素分析,常量、微量元素及其比值反映的古盐度高低与古水深的深浅变化受海平面变化升降影响,具正相关。利用反映古盐度和古水深的m值、Sr/Ba、Ca/Mg、B/Ga和Rb/K曲线编制了桥源组海平面相对变化曲线。桥源组显示2次海侵的沉积旋回,海侵发生在桥源组中下部和中上部时期。对样品进行ICP-MS稀土元素分析和砂岩矿物成分分析,根据稀土元素分布模式图和La/Yb-∑REE源岩判别图解判断,桥源组源岩主要来自上地壳的沉积岩、玄武岩和花岗岩。根据Dickinson图解、Zr-Th、La-Th-Sc、Th-Co-Zr/10判别图解和稀土元素特征值综合分析,构造背景为弧后挤压盆地,具有大陆岛弧的特性,但少有被动大陆边缘成分。物源来自于火山弧造山带。