周期性弱凝胶调驱技术及应用

通过室内物理模拟实验,研究平面模型中周期性注入弱凝胶效果和提高采收率机理.研究证明,弱凝胶调驱可大幅改善水驱油藏平面和纵向上的非均质性,提高水驱波及系数.周期性注入凝胶段塞能取得调剖作用和驱替效果,前段弱凝胶、中间水和后续弱凝胶可组成一个有机灵活整体,使水驱效率大幅提高,可维持调驱效果长效性.在试验基础上,针对埕岛油田北区CB6B块非均质突出,水驱矛盾突出问题,现场实施周期性弱凝胶调驱.实施后注入剖面得到明显改善,含水下降,累增油量2.05×104 t,提高采油速度0.3%.     

蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊及其拆方对AS大鼠ET-1、NO的影响

目的：观察蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊及其拆方对动脉粥样硬化（AS）大鼠内皮素（ET）-1和一氧化氮（NO）的影响,并探讨其组方的合理性。方法：随机将110只健康雄性SD大鼠分为11组,分别为空白组、模型组、阿托伐他汀组、全方组和拆方1~7组,每组各10只,除空白组外其余各组均制备AS大鼠模型。阿托伐他汀组大鼠予以阿托伐他汀钙片干预,全方组予以黄芪、桂枝、大血藤、地龙、水蛭干预,拆方1组予以黄芪、桂枝、大血藤干预,拆方2组予以黄芪、地龙、水蛭干预,拆方3组予以黄芪干预,拆方4组予以桂枝、地龙干预,拆方5组予以桂枝、水蛭干预,拆方6组予以大血藤、地龙干预,拆方7组予以大血藤、水蛭干预,于实验第120天后检测各组大鼠治疗前后的血清ET- 1、NO水平。结果：蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊全方组较拆方组降低血清ET-1浓度和提高血清NO浓度的作用更为明显,诸药中影响大鼠血清ET-1、NO含量最显著的是黄芪。结论：蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊全方组中多种药味合用后,对降低AS大鼠血清ET-1和提高NO含量有明显的协同作用,方中多种药物均可保护内皮功能,且影响大鼠血清ET-1、NO含量最显著的药味是黄芪。     

益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗慢性胃炎伴焦虑、抑郁50例

目的：探讨益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗慢性胃炎（CG）伴焦虑、抑郁的疗效及其对炎症因子、免疫功能等的影响。方法：选取100 例CG伴焦虑、抑郁的患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为2组,每组各50 例。对照组行西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗。比较2组综合疗效、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分、患者免疫功能和炎症因子指标变化、不良反应及治疗后6个月生活质量。结果：总有效率治疗组为96.00%（48/50）,对照组为72.00%（36/50）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;治疗前2组SAS与SDS评分、免疫功能及炎症因子指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后2组SAS、SDS评分较治疗前均明显下降,且治疗组治疗后SAS、SDS评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;治疗后2组CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平较治疗前显著提高,且治疗组升高幅度优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后2组白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-7及转化生长因子（TGF）-β1水平较治疗前显著降低,且治疗组降低幅度大于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;不良反应发生率治疗组为2.00%（1/50）,对照组为20.00%（10/50）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;出院后6个月随访,生活质量（QOL-100）评分治疗组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：在CG伴焦虑、抑郁的西医常规治疗基础上加用益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗可改善患者焦虑、抑郁症状,提高免疫功能和生活质量,减少炎症反应和不良反应,值得临床推广。     

Study on the Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Sea Cucumber(Paracaudina chinens var.) Gelatin Hydrolysate

Gelatin from the sea cucumber(Paracaudina chinens var.) was hydrolyzed by bromelain and the hydrolysate was found to have a high free radical scavenging activity. The hydrolysate was fractionated through an ultrafiltration membrane with 5 kDa molecular weight cutoff(MWCO). The portion(less than 5 kDa) was further separated by Sephadex G-25. The active peak was col-lected and assayed for free radical scavenging activity. The scavenging rates for superoxide anion radicals(O2·-) and hydroxyl radi-cals(·OH) of the fraction with the highest activity were 29.02% and 75.41%,respectively. A rabbit liver mitochondrial free radical damage model was adopted to study the free radical scavenging activity of the fraction. The results showed that the sea cucumber gelatin hydrolysate can prevent the damage of rabbit liver and mitochondria.     

Setting minimum head capsule abundance and taxa deletion criteria in chironomid-based inference models

Criteria for removing training set lakes and taxa in chironomidbased inference models, due to low abundances, have largely been ad hoc. We used an anoxia inference model and a hypolimnetic oxygen model from southcentral Ontario to determine what effect subfossil head capsule abundance and taxa deletion criteria have on fossil inference statistics. Results from six training set lakes suggest that a minimum abundance of 40–50 head capsules is sufficient for use in inference models, however more diverse samples likely require more than 50 head capsules. Taxa deletion criteria substantially improved the predictive ability of inference models (lowered the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP)). The common practice of including taxa with only 2% abundance in at least two lakes was one of the deletion criteria that much improved inference models. Similar deletion criteria, such as 2% in at least 3 lakes and 3% in at least 1 lake, produced comparable improvements (up to 18% reduction in RMSEP).     

Drying of Micro-Encapsulated Lactic Acid Bacteria- Effects of Trehalose and Immobilization on Cell Survival and Release Properties

Lactic acid bacteria （LAB） were encapsulated with alginate, gelatin and trehalose additives by the extrusion method and dried at 4 ℃. The microcapsules were generally spherical and had a wrinkled surface with a size of 1.7mm± 0.2mm Trehalose as a carbohydrate source in the culture medium could reduce acid production and performed no function in the positive proliferation of LAB. Using trehalose as a carbohydrate source and protective medittm simultaneously had a benefit in the protection of LAB cells during the storage at 4 ℃. The density of live LAB cells could be 10^7 CFU g^-1 after 8weeks of storage. Cells of LAB could be continuously released from the capsules from the acidic （pH 1.2） to neutral conditions （pH 6.8）. The release amounts and proliferation speeds of LAB cells in neutral medium were much larger and faster than those in acidic conditions. Additionally, nxtmobilization of LAB could improve the survival of cells when they were exposed to acidic medium （pH 1.2） with a survival rate of 76%.     

卡托普利生物黏附型缓释胶囊大鼠体内药动学研究

研究卡托普利生物黏附型缓释胶囊(Captopril/bioadhesive sustained-release capsules,CBSRCs)在大鼠体内的药动学,通过建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)-紫外检测法测定卡托普利(Captopril,Cap)的血药浓度,研究了大鼠灌胃CBSRCs和卡托普利普通片(Captopril ordinary tablet,COT)各5 mg/kg后16 h内的药动学,DAS 2.0软件计算出相应的药动学参数,t检验比较两种制剂的药动学参数。结果表明,Cap浓度在12.5～800μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998 7),最低检测限为12.5μg/L,平均回收率为99.40%,平均日内RSD为3.97%,平均日间RSD为4.84%;单剂量口服CBSRCs和COT,Tmax分别为(3.12±0.67),(1.53±0.27)h;Cmax为(722.97±133.68),(1 114.47±208.36)μg/L;T1/2α为(1.88±0.38),(1.15±0.21)h;T1/2β为(3.76±0.75),(2.87±0.59)h;CL为(2.87±0.51),(3.43±0.67)L/h,Vd为(10.98±1.90),(13.21±2.57)L;AUC0-t为(4 856.03±835.46),(4 616.29±915.49)μg.h/L;AUC0-∞为(5 218.39±1 037.58),(4 705.83±894.56)μg.h/L。CBSRCs和COT相比,T1/2α,T1/2β,AUC0-t,AUC0-∞,CL,Vd,Tmax,Cmax差异显著(P0.05或0.01)。说明CBSRCs与市售COT在大鼠体内的药动学特征差异具有显著性,说明高效液相色谱-紫外检测器测定Cap含量的方法稳定,结果准确可靠。CBSRCs与市售COT相比,CBSRCs显著改善了卡托普利原药的药动学性质,具有缓释和长效的作用。     

海藻多糖空心胶囊药物溶出度研究

海藻多糖空心胶囊是以海藻多糖与植物膳食纤维作为主要材料研制的一种植物空心胶囊。对海藻多糖植物空心胶囊(植物壳)、明胶空心胶囊的阿奇霉素、头孢氨苄和布洛芬3种药物模型的胶囊剂进行了药物溶出度和溶出速率的对比研究。结果显示海藻多糖空心胶囊在药物最终溶出量和加速稳定性试验上优于或同等于明胶空心胶囊,因此海藻多糖空心胶囊具有代替动物明胶空心胶囊的潜在可能性。     

加味血府逐瘀胶囊治疗心脏X综合征心血瘀阻证41例

目的：探讨加味血府逐瘀胶囊治疗心脏X综合征（CSX）心血瘀阻证的临床疗效及作用机制。方法：将82例CSX心血瘀阻证患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各41 例。对照组给予常规西药治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予加味血府逐瘀胶囊治疗,疗程均为30 d。比较2组治疗前后加拿大心血管病学会（CCS）分级、西雅图心绞痛量表（SAQ）积分、中医证候积分、内皮因子（血清内皮素-1、一氧化氮）水平、炎症因子（C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6）水平、心电图平板运动试验结果,并评估临床疗效及中医证候疗效。结果：总有效率治疗组为95.12%（39/41）,高于对照组的70.73%（29/41）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。中医证候疗效总有效率治疗组为92.68%（38/41）,高于对照组的65.85%（27/41）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。2组CCS分级、SAQ积分、中医证候积分、内皮因子及炎症因子各项指标水平治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01或P<0.05）;治疗组心电图平板运动试验阳性率降低（P<0.05）。结论：加味血府逐瘀胶囊能改善CSX心血瘀阻证患者中医证候和心绞痛严重程度,减轻炎症反应,降低心电图平板运动试验阳性率,改善血管内皮功能,保护心功能和冠脉循环,值得临床推广。     

舒肝化瘀方联合熊去氧胆酸胶囊治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎25例临床观察

目的：观察舒肝化瘀方联合熊去氧胆酸胶囊（UDCA）治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎（PBC）的临床疗效。方法：将50例PBC患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各25例。对照组给予UDCA治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上联合舒肝化瘀方治疗。2组疗程均为 48 周,观察2组治疗前后的主要症状、体征及肝功能指标、肝纤维化指标和不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗48周后治疗组中医证候总积分得到明显改善,2组中医证候疗效总有效率治疗组为92.00%（23/25）,对照组为84.00%（21/25）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。2组肝功能与肝纤维化各项指标均较治疗前明显改善（P<0.01）,且治疗组改善幅度优于对照组（P<0.01）。治疗期间2组均无明显不良反应。结论：舒肝化瘀方联合UDCA治疗PBC抗肝纤维化及改善肝功能疗效显著,安全性好,优于单用UDCA治疗。