The FAST/SKA site selection in Guizhou province

Many karst depressions with diameters of 300 m to 500 m, suitable for constructing Arecibo-style radio telescopes, were identified in the south of Guizhou Province by Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies together with field investigations. Fundamental topography and landform databases were established for 391candidate depressions, and using GIS the3-dimensional images of depressions, at a scale of 1:10000, were then simulated to fit a spherical antenna. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

临邑洼陷圈闭类型及成因研究

临邑洼陷是一个含油气层系较多,结构复杂的复式油气聚集区。本文重点介绍了临邑洼陷圈闭的类型及其成因,从圈闭角度对临邑洼陷油气藏的形成进行了概述,对临邑洼陷下步的勘探工作方向进行了分析。     

Discriminating between pore‐filling load and bed‐structure load: a new porosity‐based method,exemplified for the river Rhine

Sediments contained in the river bed do not necessarily contribute to morphological change. The finest part of the sediment mixture often fills the pores between the larger grains and can be removed without causing a drop in bed level. The discrimination between pore‐filling load and bed‐structure load, therefore, is of practical importance for morphological predictions. In this study, a new method is proposed to estimate the cut‐off grain size that forms the boundary between pore‐filling load and bed‐structure load. The method evaluates the pore structure of the river bed geometrically. Only detailed grain‐size distributions of the river bed are required as input to the method. A preliminary validation shows that the calculated porosity and cut‐off size values agree well with experimental data. Application of the new cut‐off size method to the river Rhine demonstrates that the estimated cut‐off size decreases in a downstream direction from about 2 to 0·05 mm, covariant with the downstream fining of bed sediments. Grain size fractions that are pore‐filling load in the upstream part of the river thus gradually become bed‐structure load in the downstream part. The estimated (mass) percentage of pore‐filling load in the river bed ranges from 0% in areas with a unimodal river bed, to about 22% in reaches with a bimodal sand‐gravel bed. The estimated bed porosity varies between 0·15 and 0·35, which is considerably less than the often‐used standard value of 0·40. The predicted cut‐off size between pore‐filling load and bed‐structure load (D_c,p) is fundamentally different from the cut‐off size between wash‐load and bed‐material load (D_c,w), irrespective of the method used to determine D_c,p or D_c,w. D_c,w values are in the order of 10^?1 mm and mainly dependent on the flow characteristics, whereas D_c,p values are generally much larger (about 10⁰ mm in gravel‐bed rivers) and dependent on the bed composition. Knowledge of D_c,w is important for the prediction of the total sediment transport in a river (including suspended fines that do not interact with the bed), whereas knowledge of D_c,p helps to improve morphological predictions, especially if spatial variations in D_c,p are taken into account. An alternative to using a spatially variable value of D_c,p in morphological models is to use a spatially variable bed porosity, which can also be predicted with the new method. In addition to the morphological benefits, the new method also has sedimentological applications. The possibility to determine quickly whether a sediment mixture is clast‐supported or matrix‐supported may help to better understand downstream fining trends, sediment entrainment thresholds and variations in hydraulic conductivity.     

大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布

大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体已成为中国陆相盆地岩性油气藏最重要的勘探目标。通过对现代典型湖盆浅水三角洲的深入分析,结合我国中、新生代大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体的地质研究,取得以下主要进展与认识：①在分析浅水三角洲形成地质背景的基础上,按照供源体系、湖水深度及三角洲前缘倾斜坡度将湖盆三角洲分为9种成因结构类型;②建立了毯式浅水曲流河三角洲的沉积模式,指出末端分流河道及末端决口扇是浅水曲流河三角洲的典型微相类型;③分析了浅水三角洲砂体大面积分布的形成条件,指出敞流湖盆是湖盆中心浅水三角洲砂体发育的重要条件,敞流通道对湖盆中心砂体分布有重要控制作用;④湖盆中心发育河流、三角洲、湖流及密度底流砂体等牵引流成因砂体,也发育洪水浊积扇及滑塌浊积扇等重力流成因砂体;⑤大型浅水三角洲体系三级层序界面对岩性（成岩）圈闭的发育有重要控制作用,三角洲平原带层序界面上覆叠置砂体富集岩性油气藏,勘探潜力大。本文研究成果希对坳陷湖盆沉积学研究及岩性油气藏勘探能有推动作用。     

三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成油向下“倒灌”运移层位及其研究意义

为了研究三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移层位,对油向下“倒灌”运移机制及条件进行了研究,得到三肇凹陷扶杨油层同时具备①青山口组源岩目前应具有足够大的超压;②存在连通青山口组源岩和扶杨油层的T2断裂2个条件,青山口组源岩生成的油能够在超压的作用下在嫩江组沉积末期、明水组沉积末期和古近系沉积末期通过T2断裂向下伏扶杨油层中“倒灌”运移。利用压力封闭原理,对三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移距离进行了研究,得到三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移距离一般大于500 m,而三肇凹陷扶杨油层地层厚度最大只有500 m,表明三肇凹陷青山口组源岩生成的油可以向下“倒灌”运移至整个扶杨油层的任何部位。目前三肇凹陷扶杨油层从上至下均含油,且已找到的油藏均分布于青山口组源岩生成的油能够向下“倒灌”运移分布范围内或附近,这表明青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移层位控制着油气富集层位,青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移分布范围控制着三肇凹陷扶杨油层油藏形成与分布范围。青山口组源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移分布范围及其附近应是三肇凹陷扶杨油层油下一步勘探的有利地区。     

东南沿海海堤现状调研报告（福建部分）

这部分是福建省正在建设中的四大海堤现状调研，包括达标设计各项指标及其加高加固的技术经验。同时调研了围海工程堵口海堤的施工过程，并对灌砂防渗措施加以评述。最后介绍了兴化湾的莆田海堤试验站和木兰陂水利工程     

东海XH凹陷烃资源预测──勘探层分析及石油资源专家系统分析

应用勘探层分析及石油资源专家系统对ＸＨ凹陷下第三系勘探目的层的三个勘探层烃资源量作出了综合预测，结果表明，凹陷内各勘探层，尤其是渐新统勘探层，烃资源量相当可观。提出在渐新统内的地层圈闭中可进一步作详细的勘探工作。     

大民屯凹陷地层水水文地质特征与油气聚集关系

对大民屯凹陷前第三系潜山、下第三系沙河街组地层水化学场研究发现，本区油田水总矿化度及二价阳离子浓度偏低，地层水总矿化度具有明显的垂向分带性，水体主要为陆相成因并受地表水渗入的影响较大，变质程度高，油田水的演化与盐类的溶解有关。该区地层水的流动受断裂和沉积砂体的控制，在水头压力、浮力动力场控制下其流动样式和分布规律反映了凹陷内油气的运聚规律，可为本区自生自储、新生古储式油气藏的判别提供有利证据。     

氧同位素分析在东濮凹陷下第三纪沉积环境中的应用

主要介绍了氧同位素的地球化学特征，并利用这些特征在沉积环境方面的指示意义，分析了东濮凹陷下第三系盐湖沉积的氧同位素。分析结果表明：尽管保存在碳酸盐中的氧同位素的值不能定量地反映原始氧同位素的值，不能够作为区分海陆相的标志，但它可以定性地探讨碳酸盐沉积时的沉积环境。通过对东濮凹陷下第三系盐湖沉积的氧同位素分析发现，从沙四上到沙一时期，除了沙三上的δ^18O有些突变外，基本上呈递增趋势。这反映出，从沙四上到沙一时期该区的气候逐渐向干早过渡；沙四上到沙三上一段δ＾18Ｏ明显比沙一和沙二上伯低，说明在沙四上到沙三上时期，该沉积区的蒸发作用还不是很显著，而另一方面也说明在由沙三上向沙二上过渡时，该区可能存在一次气候突变，使得沙二上和沙一时期的蒸发量远大于降雨量，δ^18O的值也因此迅速增大。同时，也做了碳酸盐同位素系数Z值的研究，其揭示的沉积环境特征与氧同位素基本相同。     

BP神经网络模型在澜沧江流域径流量模拟中的应用

河川径流等水文时间序列属于复杂的非线性系统,使用回归分析等传统的分析方法,难以获取和描述其内在关联和变化规律。利用现有的相关站点的径流量历史数据和输沙量、降水量数据,在进行规格化处理和主成分分析的基础上,利用三层BP人工神经网络模型,对澜沧江流域上游昌都站径流量与各关联因子之间复杂的非线性映射关系进行模拟,采用拟牛顿算法对模型进行训练,模拟结果达到期望精度要求,并利用1982年~1985年实测数据进行模型验证。结果证明利用BP神经网络模型对澜沧江流域站点的月径流量序列进行模拟、预测和数据补缺处理具有可行性。