SPECULATION ON DEVELOPING TOUR RESOURCES OF THE TOURNAMENT ATHLETICS IN HARBIN CITY

The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sail-ing, archery, ice engraving, snow engraving, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. Due tothe unique cold climate and superior geographic location, Harbin is a promising city for developing tour resources of tourna-ment athletics. Based on the analysis of the superiority and peculiarity of Harbin, the speculation on development of tour resources of tournament athletics in Harbin is proposed as follows : 1 ) Harbin should develop its special tour resources of tournament athletics associated with needs of market; 2) Harbin should take the advantages of rich resources and devel-op ice and snow entertainment in winter and travel for sight-seeing and spending summer;, 3) the adjustment of the layoutof ice and snow resources should be based on the idea of taking Harbin as the center and all-side opening at the largescale in the way of radiation; 4) tourism should be developed by the combined efforts of various departments to make feasi-ble plan, and the organizers should pay much attention to ensuring the safetv of tourists.     

成都及附近地区旅游气候资源研究

通过对成都及附近等7个地区多年气候资源及人体舒适指数进行分级比较，得出了7个地区的人体舒适指数的时间分布特征及对当地旅游的影响。     

深圳发展东部滨海旅游度假区的前景探析

深圳具备优良的海滨旅游资源，但其滨海旅游特色一直体现得不够充分，滨海度假旅游品牌在全国以至海外的影响力还很有限。深圳最近对东部滨海地区的发展进行了总体规划，根据深圳东部滨海地区发展现状和发展规划，就开发深圳东部滨海旅游度假胜地、将东部滨海旅游度假区打造成为具有国际水准的、以滨海休闲度假为特色的黄金海岸旅游胜地提出了的几点建议。     

旅游信息系统建设模式探讨——以佛山市为例

作为当前旅游信息系统开发的两种主要基础平台，地理信息系统和多媒体制作系统都存在一定的缺陷。多媒体制作系统缺乏旅游地图的有效管理，空间查询，分析和统计功能，旅游地理信息系统则缺乏旅游信息的多媒体表达能力。从实用性和普及性出发，集合二者优点开发模式具有更大的推广应用价值。因此，论文提出在同一界面下基于GIS和多媒体集成的旅游信息系统开发模式；（1）在GIS中增加多媒体信息表达能力，以关系数据库为核心，把多媒体文件名信息存储在地理信息系统属性库，依靠多媒休段实现多媒体数据与地理信息系统图形和属性的关联，实现查询的基本概念；（2）在多媒体系统中开发部分GIS空间查询功能。以此思路，佛山科技学院GIS技术实验室利用VB进行GIS和多媒体二次开发，成功地完成了佛山旅游信息系统的设计和开发。     

Holiday in Cambodia: Perceived effects of a New Zealand high school international field trip on students

Using an exploratory case study approach, this research used semi‐structured interviews to investigate the motivations, expectations and experiences of high school students in New Zealand who travelled to Cambodia on a school supervised field‐trip. Findings suggest students are motivated by altruistic behaviour and the desire for unique experiences. Students had very high expectations, predicting the experience to be either life changing or incredibly important. Post‐trip interviews revealed that the volunteer work undertaken was perceived as positive and that experiences of poverty were challenging and influential. Finally, personal development and an increased sense of social responsibility were identified as important effects of the trip.     

“一带一路”背景下中国国际航空网络的空间格局及演变

2013年“一带一路”倡议提出将设施联通作为合作战略重点之一,航空网络作为设施联通的重要组成部分,其地位提升到新的高度。为评估“一带一路”倡议的提出对中国国际航空网络的影响,论文选取了2013年和2018年数据,从国际航线、国际航班以及通航城市3个方面分析“一带一路”倡议提出以来中国国际航空网络的空间格局及其演变特征。研究结果表明：① 整体上来看,“一带一路”倡议并未从根本上改变中国国际航空网络的空间格局,仍以东亚、东南亚、美国以及俄罗斯等地区和国家为主,5 a来其变化主要集中在进一步加深与已有城市的联系;② 从沿线国家来看,一带一路”倡议增加了与中国直接通航的沿线国家数量,并提升了沿线国家在中国国际航空网络中的地位;③ 越来越多的境内城市参与到中国对外开放格局中,且航线和航班在北京、上海、广州的聚集程度下降,而其他城市的航线和航班占比逐渐增加。     

Evaluation System for Yunnan Cultural Tourism Routes Based on a Five Component Model: Case Study of the Ancient Tea-horse Road in the South of Yunnan

Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the “time category” and the “space category”. The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation, scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage, history and culture along these routes, and the key to encouraging the standardization, branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes. Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources, and their developmental foundation is good. However, the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on information collection, information analysis, problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes, and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes. Based on the advanced experience of COE (Council of Europe), UNESCO WHC (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Heritage Committee) and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites), this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes, and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines. Five aspects―the theme, the participating subject, the object itself, related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model. At the same time, based on the consumer utility function, a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed. Then, taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process, the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined, and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed. The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system, and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system. The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes, realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases, and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.     

加权EIV模型的经典最小二乘算法

采用GHM方法将EIV模型在最优解处线性化,得到解的近似方差。然后,将EIV模型表达成与Gauss-Markov模型相似的形式,利用标准最小二乘理论推导EIV模型的解及近似方差矩阵,得到与已有算法等价的结论。最后,推导观测值估值和残差的统计性质,建立起一整套EIV模型参数估计和精度评定的体系。     

无锡五里湖环境综合整治对旅游价值的影响评估

条件价值法是目前环境经济价值货币化评估中最为广泛应用的方法.以无锡市五里湖环境综合整治为例,在对条件价值法回顾总结的基础上,通过对受益周边地区居民及外地游客的面对面直接问卷调查,对周边旅游环境的改善所带来的旅游支付意愿及影响因素进行了评估和分析,结果表明:(1)游客对五里湖综合整治后总的支付意愿为2.49亿元/年,比整治前多0.68亿元/年,占当地旅游总收入的1.49%;(2)游客的支付意愿与其收入成正比,与其年龄也基本为正相关关系,而与其受教育程度的关系比较复杂;(3)游客对五里湖景区满意度表现最差的是娱乐设施,其次是购物、住宿的便利性和水面的表观形象,表现最好的是空气质量和其安静的氛围.本文最后对本次采用的调查方法与国内外广泛应用的双边界二分式CVM进行了有益的对比和讨论,并对环境综合整治为当地带来的经济和社会绩效提出了期望,以期为其相应的政策措施的制定和环境资源资本的运作及管理提供理论依据.     

石家庄—五台山旅游通道的建设

论述石家庄 -五台山旅游通道 ,探讨以西柏坡旅游区为中心的石家庄西部旅游资源开发