Fish gut microecosystem: a model for detecting spatial pattern of microorganisms

The spatial distribution pattern of organisms is a basic issue in understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. Although the spatial distributions of animals and plants have been well studied, those of microorganisms are still being debated. In this study, we used a fish gut microecosystem to detect the spatial pattern of microbes, because it can provide a relatively unified and stable environment. Results suggest that the turnover of intestinal bacterial assemblages showed a weak but highly significant negative correlation between similarity and distances in the microbial community, in respect of both grass carp intestinal loci distances and the geographical distance between fish sampling sites. Our results also suggest that intestinal bacterial assemblages responded to differences within the external environment and within different parts of the fish themselves. These results show that some, or possibly all, microbes are restricted in their distribution and that environmental factors are also important influences on the structure of intestinal bacterial assemblages. The fish gut microecosystem is useful in promoting study of the spatial distribution patterns of microorganisms.     

金沙江上段大型底栖动物群落结构特征和生态位分析

于2019-2021年对金沙江上段大型底栖动物的群落结构和生态位进行分析,以期为高海拔多沙河流的生物多样性保护提供科学依据。结果表明,金沙江上段大型底栖动物主要由水生昆虫组成,水生昆虫中双翅目物种占比较高。钩虾、扁蜉、襟襀、四节蜉和纹石蛾为常见种。丰水期(夏秋季)钩虾丰度占比远高于枯水期(冬春季)。研究区域基于现场观测和统计推断的物种数枯水期远高于丰水期,单站物种数以及α多样性均是干流远低于支流。4个季度总体β多样性基于物种空间周转组分的贡献率远高于物种嵌套组分的贡献率,表明在底栖动物多样性保护策略上,所有河段均具有重要保护价值。常见种的生态位宽度处于较低水平,大部分常见种之间的生态位重叠值较低,表明在较为恶劣的自然环境下,种间竞争强度较低。各站位物种的出现具有较大的随机性,随机漂流成为群落构建的主要机制。从金沙江上段梯级水库形成后的水生态保护角度出发,建议加大支流的水生态保护力度,减少宽谷河段人口集聚区村落农业面源污染和城镇点源污染负荷,提升支流钩虾和EPT分类单元的种群规模,为珍稀冷水性鱼类提供饵料来源。