网箱养殖罗非鱼综合症的病理组织学研究

于1989至1992年对水库网箱养殖罗非鱼综合症各发病期、各症状型的病鱼进行了病理组织学研究。研究结果表明:网箱养殖罗非鱼综合症的病理基础是肝肾功能障碍,病鱼的肝、肾、脾、肠、鳃、性腺、脑均有不同程度的坏死或变性。本文还对细菌继发性感染,各症状型的病理学变化及防治对策作了讨论。     

The annual cycle of Synechococcus (cyanobacteria) in the northern Levantine Basin shelf waters (Eastern Mediterranean)

Abundance of picoplanktonic chroococcoid marine cyanobacteria Synechococcus was monitored weekly over the year 1998 in shallow coastal waters of the northern Levantine Basin. The ambient physical, chemical and biological variables (temperature, salinity, Secchi disk depth, total suspended sediment, nitrate, phosphate, Chl a and phytoplankton) were also measured. Synechococcus was found to be more abundant during summer and early autumn and less during winter and early spring. At the surface and 15 m depth, cell concentrations were in the range 6.4 × 10³–1.5 × 10⁵ and 3.2 × 10³–1.6 × 10⁵ cells·ml⁻¹, respectively. Based on the Pearson product–moment correlation analysis, a highly significant correlation between Synechococcus abundance and ambient temperature was observed (n = 40, r = 0.558, P < 0.01). As Synechococcus forms blooms that usually do not last more than a week, the short time‐scale survey achieved in this study was appropriate to reveal its abundance dynamics. Several factors such as rapid changes in nutrient concentration (especially nitrate), phytoplankton, light availability, temperature, salinity, freshwater input and vertical mixing played a relevant role on the abundance of Synechococcus over the year in the highly dynamic shallow coastal waters of the Levantine Basin.     

Spatio-temporal variability of small copepods (especially Oithona plumifera) in shallow nearshore waters off the south coast of South Africa

Although small copepods are one of the main dietary sources for many commercially important fish, their role in the pelagic trophic dynamics has traditionally been underestimated due to the methodology commonly used in plankton sampling. Temporal variation in abundance of adults and nauplii of small copepods (particularly Oithona plumifera) in nearshore waters on the south coast of South Africa was investigated fortnightly over 14 months at site (km) and location (100 m) scales. Sampling was within <500 m of the shore, where depth was ca. 10 m, using vertical hauls of an 80-μm mesh plankton net from 1 m above the seabed to the surface. Twenty-seven adult copepod taxa were recorded, but Oithona spp. was consistently the most abundant. Taxon richness was 7–19 on each sampling occasion. There was strong temporal variation (Oithona varied between 0 and 2300 m⁻³), but much of this was short-term variability (e.g. between consecutive sampling sessions), with no seasonality or other long-term discernable patterns. There were periods of consistently low numbers, but very high numbers often followed samples with low abundances. Nor was there spatial structure at the location scale, though numbers differed between sites. Despite considerable variability at the location scale within sites, Kenton consistently showed higher densities than High Rocks. Separate analyses, with Bonferroni adjustment, showed that this difference was significant on eight out of 21 occasions for Oithona, six for other pelagic copepods and three for nauplii. This suggests that hydrodynamics favour aggregation of plankton at Kenton. A high degree of short-term variability, with a tendency for aggregation of small zooplankton at certain sites has implications for both pelagic processes and food-web links between the benthic and pelagic environments.     

Cross-shelf distribution of copepods and the role of event-scale winds in a northern California upwelling zone

Cross-shelf distribution and abundance of copepod nauplii and copepodids were measured during three summer upwelling seasons (2000–2002) in a coastal upwelling zone off northern California. These 3 years varied considerably in the intensity of winds, abundance of chlorophyll, and water temperature. The cruises in 2000 were characterized by relaxation conditions, with generally high levels of chlorophyll and high water temperature. The cruises in 2001 and 2002 were dominated by strong and persistent upwelling events, leading to lower chlorophyll and water temperatures. The copepod assemblage was dominated by Oithona spp., Acartia spp. and Pseudocalanus spp., with Metridia pacifica (lucens), Microsetella rosea, Oncaea spp. and Tortanus discaudatus also common during all 3 years. The cross-shelf distribution of copepods was generally shifted offshore during upwelling and onshore during relaxation events, although some variability between species occurred. Abundance of all life stages generally exhibited a negative correlation with cross-shelf transport averaged over at least 1–4 days and lagged by 0–3 days, indicating lower abundances during and immediately after active upwelling. However, copepod nauplii seemed to respond positively to wind events lasting 1–5 days followed by a period of relaxation lasting 6 or 7 days. These rapid rates of change in abundance are probably too great to be due to in situ growth and reproduction alone; physical processes must also play a role. These results suggest a highly dynamic relationship between copepods and upwelling events off northern California, with species-specific responses to upwelling to be expected.     

鳗鲡气单胞菌引起的烂尾病病原菌抑菌药物的研究

应用药敏纸片法研究了三株烂尾病病原菌（气单胞菌）对３１种药物及不同配合药物的敏感性，测定了４种药物及配合药物ＨＰ对三株菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）及最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果表明，配合药物ＨＰ具较强的抑菌能力。     

Ex situ cultivation of Aplysinaaerophoba close to in situ conditions: ecological, biochemical and histological aspects

Sponges provide the largest number of biologically active natural products known from the marine environment and continue to be a very well studied phylum of marine fauna. The Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba accumulates brominated isoxazoline alkaloids such as Aplysinamisin-1, Aerophobin-2, Isofistularin-3 and the biotransformation product Aeroplysinin-1, which possesses, for example, antibiotic and cytotoxic properties. Until now, it is still being discussed which organisms – the sponge itself or associated microorganisms – are responsible for metabolite production. For cultivating Aplysina individuals under ex situ conditions, we surveyed relevant ecological factors in situ and controlled them in our aquarium system. We maintained A. aerophoba for more than 9 months and analysed changes of metabolite content and composition, microbial association as well as morphology in situ and ex situ under different light exposure. Although sponges showed slight reduction during maintenance, ex situ cultivation similar to in situ conditions provides a promising method to keep sponges and obtain their bioactive metabolites.     

2006年秋季长江口及邻近海域微微型浮游生物的分布特征及环境影响因素

2006年10月在长江口及邻近海域采用流式细胞技术测定了微微型浮游生物:聚球藻Synechococcus、微微型光合真核生物(picoeukaryotes)和异养浮游细菌(heterotrophic bacteria)的丰度和碳生物量,研究了其生态分布特点,并分析了其与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,聚球藻、微微型光合真...     

危害我国红树林的团水虱的生物学特征

近些年来,团水虱(Sphaeroma spp.)在红树林生态系统中的持续爆发已成为天然和人工红树林遭受破坏的主要原因之一,在我国海南、广东和广西都有不同程度的发生.目前国内有关红树林湿地团水虱的生物学特征研究较少,而明确团水虱的生物学特征是研发其防控技术的重要依据.本研究通过文献查阅和实地调查,总结了团水虱危害中国红树林的现状,团水虱的种类、分布和生活史,以及繁殖和聚集的季节、繁殖方式、营养物质偏好等,以期为团水虱的防控提供理论和技术方面的支撑.     

不同生物量的乳酸杆菌对对虾养殖池3种常见优势微藻的影响

在实验室条件下,分别把对虾养殖池常见优势种——微绿球藻（Nannochloropsis oculata）、隐藻（Cryptomonas erosa）和颤藻（Oscillatoria）与乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillusspp.）在对虾养殖水体中共同培养,研究不同生物量的乳酸杆菌对3种微藻的影响.实验分4组,乳酸杆菌分C1（10^3cells/cm^3）组、C2（10^4cells/cm^3）组、C3（10^5cells/cm^3）组、C4（10^6cells/cm^3）组四个浓度.结果表明：不同生物量的乳酸杆菌对不同微藻的影响有很大差异.C1（10^3cells/cm^3）乳酸杆菌对微绿球藻的生长没有明显的影响,对隐藻和颤藻生长有明显的抑制作用.C2（10^4cells/cm^3）乳酸杆菌对微绿球藻和隐藻生长有明显的促进作用,对颤藻生长有明显的抑制作用.C3（10^5cells/cm^3）乳酸杆菌对隐藻生长有明显的抑制作用,对颤藻的生长有明显的促进作用.C4（10^6cells/cm^3）乳酸杆菌对微绿球藻和颤藻生长有较明显的促进作用,对隐藻生长有微弱的抑制作用.无论是抑制作用还是促进作用,这种作用都随实验时间的延长而减弱.