海筒螅中3种化学成分的分离鉴定

海筒螅（Tubuaria marina)的94%乙醇提取物，在水中混悬后，用石油醚萃取，石油醚相中的提取物经反复硅胶柱色谱分离和SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱分离，得到三个纯净的化合物。经^1HNMR,^13CNMR和DEPT谱鉴定，分别确定为二十一碳一烯，胆甾-5-烯-3β-醇和1-壬基-甘油醚。     

Lipid biomarkers of deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaetes—Alvinella pompejana, A. caudata, Paralvinella grasslei and Hesiolyra bergii

The lipid composition was determined for 5 species of polychaete annelids collected by the Deep Submergence Vehicle ALVIN from high temperature chimneys at the 2500 m depth hydrothermal vent field of the East Pacific Rise. These are the first lipid biomarker analyses reported for these hydrothermal vent polychaetes. Lipid content was low in all samples (1.6–35.9 mg g^–1 wet mass) and was dominated by polar lipid (78–90% of total lipid) with 8–19% sterol (ST), and very low storage lipid (triacylglycerol and wax ester). Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were moderately high (22–31% of total fatty acids (FA)) with extremely low or no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6(n-3)). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)) levels were 5–6% in Alvinella pompejana and A. caudata and 10.3–13.7% in an errantiate polychaete (likely Hesionidae) and Hesiolyra bergii. There were greater PUFA and a greater EPA/AA (AA is arachidonic acid, 20:4(n-6)) ratio in the anterior versus the posterior half of A. pompejana, which may correlate to the strong temperature gradient reported in its tube. Total nonmethylene interrupted diunsaturated fatty acids (NMID) were 4–9% of total FA for most polychaete species and included several 20:2 and 22:2 components. The principal monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) included 18:1(n-7)c (14–19%), 16:1(n-7)c (2.6–10%) and 20:1(n-11)c (3–7% of total FA). These polychaete species may desaturate and elongate the bacterial-derived 18:1(n-7)c to obtain the essential FA EPA and AA. The major ST in the polychaetes is cholesterol (89–98% of total ST) with less cholesterol in the gut contents of A. pompejana. Other ST included 24-ethylcholesterol (1.5–5% of total ST) with lesser amounts of 24-methylenecholesterol, desmosterol, lathosterol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, and the stanols dehydrocholestanol and cholestanol. The high ST levels could play a role in thermal adaptation of membranes at the hydrothermal vent environment. Differences in the FA profiles separated the closely related species A. pompejana and A. caudata from Paralvinella grasslei, H. bergii, and the errantiate polychaete (likely Hesionidae).     

古赤潮与古营养状况的沉积记录研究进展

大量的研究证实，赤潮与海水的富营养化有密切的关系。近年来，国内外一些学者通过分子地层学记录来探讨赤潮演变历史及其与富营养化的关系，希望找到赤潮演化与发展的科学依据。本文综述了甾醇、生物硅、色素、孢囊、同位素等指标在古赤潮及其相关古营养研究中的应用及研究动态与进展。甾醇是重要的藻类生物标志化合物，4-甲基甾醇及其衍生物可指示沟鞭藻的输入。孢囊可用来反映生物种群、表层海水营养和生产力水平。生物硅被用来指示硅藻生产力。色素可以很好地反映水体中富营养水平及生产力高低，颤藻黄素的升高被认为是湖泊人为富营养化的重要依据。利用C、N同位素组成的变化指示水体中营养状况的变化。     

软珊瑚化学结构分析

从中国南海软珊瑚中分离出一种甾醇，经ＩＲ、ＭＳ、１ＨＮＭＲ、１３ＣＮＭＲ谱图分析及化学反应方法，测其结构为：２４－乙基－△５－胆甾烯－３β－醇。