松花江上游地区汞污染的化学生态效应

采样分析了吉林省东部松花江上游金矿开采区及其附近水、土壤、动植物及河流沉积物样品中汞的含量，发现河流沉积物中汞的污染相当严重；受其影响当地的植物和两栖类动物——中国林蛙体内总汞和甲基汞含量也明显高于对照组。实验表明，林蛙内脏对汞的富集能力大于肌肉；秋季对汞的富集大于春季；河流沉积物中甲基汞的含量与林蛙体内甲基汞的含量有较好的正相关。汞污染的来源与区域内个体金矿的滥采滥排有直接关系，表明人类活动所产生的有毒重金属在地表过程中出现了化学生态效应。     

泰国虎纹蛙与中国虎纹蛙早期胚胎发育比较研究

比较了泰国虎纹蛙与中国虎纹蛙在控温条件下的胚胎发育过程。结果表明:两亚种蛙在右鳃封闭期与鳃盖完成期之间有明显的"角质颌出现"的特征,因而在传统分期的基础上增加了一个"角质颌出现期",从而将两者自受精卵开始到鳃盖完成期为止划分为26个时期;两亚种蛙大部分发育时期外形特征基本相同,但八细胞期细胞的排列方式,两亚种蛙神经褶期的神经沟形状、纤毛出现期的神经褶棱高度等均不同;泰国虎纹蛙的发育速度较快,自受精卵期到鳃盖完成期共耗时70.4h,中国虎纹蛙在相同的条件下则需92.5h,但在四细胞期、八细胞期、神经管期和尾芽期,泰国虎纹蛙的发育速度却较中国虎纹蛙慢。     

Non-specific immune response of bullfrog <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana catesbeiana</Emphasis> to intraperitoneal injection of bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aeromonas hydrophila</Emphasis>

Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was studied to 60 individuals in two groups. Each bullfrog in bacterium-injected group was injected intraperitoneally （i.p.） with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension at a density of 5.2 × 10^6 CFU/ml, while each one in control group injected i.p. with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution （0.85%, w/v）. Three bullfrogs in both groups were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 20 days post-injection （dpi） for the evaluation of non-specific immune parameters. It was observed that intraperitoneal injection of A. hydrophila significantly increased the number of leucocytes and that of NBT-positive cells in peripheral blood. Significant increases in serum bactericidal activity and serum acid phosphatase activity were also observed in the bacterium-injected frogs when compared with those in the control group. However, a significant reduction was detected in vitro in phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood phagocytes. No significant difference in changes in the number of peripheral erythrocytes, serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, and lysozyme activity was detected between the two groups. It is suggested that bullfrogs may produce a series of non-specific immune reactions in response to the A. hydrophila infection.     

Distribution of methyl mercury in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rana chensinensis</Emphasis> and environmental media in gold-mining areas of upper reaches of Songhua River,China

The distribution characteristics of methyl mercury in Rana chensinensis and water, sediment and soil in gold-mining areas of the upper reaches of the Songhua River, China were studied by field sampling and laboratory testing. The results show that the methyl mercury contents in water, sediment and soil in gold-mining areas are much higher than those in the control site, indicating that gold-mining activities intensify the methyl mercury pollution in the study area. Methyl mercury contents are in a descending order of sediment > soil > water in the environment, and in a descending order of brain > viscera > muscle > skin in Rana chensinensis. There are significant correlation between methyl mercury contents in Rana chensinensis and those in water and sediment. In particular, the methyl mercury content in the skin of Rana chensinensis is positively correlated with those in water and sediment in spring. Therefore, skin is one of main intake pathways for methyl mercury due to its high permeability.     

基于RAPD的SCAR分子标记技术鉴定虎纹蛙及引进种

为了对引进种泰国虎纹蛙加强种质监测,本文对泰国虎纹蛙和中国虎纹蛙进行了SCAR标记研究。在对2种蛙随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记研究的基础上,选用随机引物OPP5和OPZ19对2种蛙进行扩增,将2个特异性扩增片段OPP5-471bp和OPZ19-512bp回收、克隆和测序,并根据序列信息设计两对SCAR引物SP5和SZ19。利用两对SCAR引物对2种蛙基因组DNA扩增的结果显示:SP5显示了其特异性,在对中国虎纹蛙的扩增中出现了单一SP5-388bp特异片段,而在泰国虎纹蛙中没有扩增产物;SZ19在对2种虎纹蛙的扩增中出均出现了单一条带,但片段大小不同,在中国虎纹蛙中为SZ19-456bp,在泰国虎纹蛙中为SZ19-497bp。3个分子标记都可作为基于RAPD成功转化后的SCAR分子标记对2种虎纹蛙进行鉴定。     

Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to intraperitoneal injection of bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila

Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was studied to 60 individuals in two groups.Each bullfrog in bacterium-injected group was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension at a density of 5.2 × 106 CFU/ml,while each one in control group injected i.p.with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution(0.85%,w/v).Three bullfrogs in both groups were sampled at 0,1,3,7,11,15 and 20 days post-injection(dpi) for the evaluation of non-specific immune parameters.It was observed that intraperitoneal injection of A.hydrophila significantly increased the number of leucocytes and that of NBT-positive cells in peripheral blood.Significant increases in serum bactericidal activity and serum acid phosphatase activity were also observed in the bacterium-injected frogs when compared with those in the control group.However,a significant reduction was detected in vitro in phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood phagocytes.No significant difference in changes in the number of peripheral erythrocytes,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,and lysozyme activity was detected between the two groups.It is suggested that bullfrogs may produce a series of non-specific immune reactions in response to the A.hydrophila infection.     

黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)早期发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶

用垂直平板聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳技术对黑斑蛙早期胚胎发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶进行研究。结果表明,黑斑蛙胚胎各个不同发育时期LDH同工酶谱有很大差异：LDH1在整个胚胎发育过程中均处于活化状态,LDH2、LDH4在原肠中期开始出现,LDH3在尾芽期开始出现。从尾芽期到尾血循环期只出现LDH－1、－2、－3和-4四条酶带,但不同时期各种同工酶的表达活性不同。     

虎纹蛙性腺发育的细胞学研究

通过组织切片对虎纹蛙性腺发育过程进行研究，根据其细胞学特征，雌性虎纹蛙的性腺发育过程分为卵原细胞期、初级卵泡期、生长卵泡期和成熟卵泡期；在第一个性周期内，从卵原细胞到成熟卵泡整个发育阶段需要2a。雄性虎纹蛙的生殖细胞成簇排列，性腺发育分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞以及精子形成5个阶段；性成熟期为1a。并报道了虎纹蛙的镶嵌型性腺。     

环境因素对虎纹蛙胚胎发育的影响

就温度、盐度、pH值及水中溶氧四个环境因素对虎纹蛙胚胎发育的影响进行了系统研究.结果表明其适宜的孵化水温为20～30℃,在此温度范围内,随着温度的升高,胚胎发育速度加快,水温在(30±1)℃时,胚胎发育到鳃盖完成期需58.8h,孵化率为84.2%;水温(20±0.5)℃时,需203.9h,孵化率为89.0%;水温(25±1)℃时,需时84.0h,孵化率最高,达94.5%.盐度对虎纹蛙胚胎发育影响很大,盐度越高,胚胎畸形率越高,且发育经历时间越长,孵化水体的盐度应在1.9以下,最适宜用淡水孵化.pH过高或过低都对胚胎发育不利,孵化水体的pH值以6.5～8.5为宜.虎纹蛙胚胎发育的不同阶段对水中溶氧量要求不同,在肌肉效应期、鳃血循环期和鳃盖完成期,水中溶氧的半致死浓度分别为0.57mg/L、1.13mg/L和0.40mg/L.