塔里木盆地南缘沉积物磁化率变化与历史时期环境演化

磁化率作为一种重要的环境指标，在恢复气候环境演变方面得到了较为广泛的应用。本研究表明，塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘沉积物的低频磁化率对于本地区环境的演变反映较为敏感，因此本文以低频磁化率为主导指标，结合其它地质记录，对尼雅地区的古气候环境进行了恢复，研究结果表明：近4000年来尼雅地区的气候环境以干旱化为主，但期间仍有几次相对干湿的波动，共经历了3次相对湿润期和3次相对干旱期。据此恢复出的古气候环境与其它环境指标恢复出的结果具有较好的吻合性，不仅具有鲜明的区域性特征，同时也具全球性的一致性。     

Climatic change during the last 4000 years in the southern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang, northwest China

In this study, a ca. 4000 cal. yr ancient lacustrine (or wetland) sediment record at the southern margin of Tarim Basin is used to reconstruct the history of climate change. Six radiocarbon dates on organic matter were obtained. δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C of carbonate, pollen and sediment particle size were analysed for climate proxies. The proxies indicate that a drier climate prevailed in the area before ca. 1010 BC and during period 1010 BC–AD 500 climate then changed rapidly and continuously from dry to moist, but after about AD 500 climate generally shows dry condition. Several centennial‐scale climatic events were revealed, with the wettest spell during AD 450–550, and a relatively wetter interval between AD 930–1030. Pollen results show that regional climate may influence human agricultural activities. Spectral analysis of mean grain size (MGS) proxy reveals statistically pronounced cyclic signals, such as ca. 200 yr, ca. 120 yr, ca. 90 yr, ca. 45 yr and ca. 33 or 30 yr, which may be associated with solar activities, implying that solar variability plays an important role in the decadal‐ and centennial‐scale climate variations in the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塔里木盆地三大遗址群的兴衰与环境变化

塔里木盆地中的三大遗址群都经历了公元前的兴起、1～3世纪的兴盛和发展,以及7世纪的废弃。它们的兴衰变化具有一定的同步性。这意味着导致水资源条件变化的原因是共同的,即气候变化,而不是人为因素。     

南疆尼雅地区4000a来的地化元素分布特征与古气候环境演化的初步研究

通过应用因子分析法对尼雅剖面中的多种地化元素和氧化物的分析,在R、Q型因子分析的基础上,提取出古气候信息。初步的研究表明:近4000a来,尼雅地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,但此期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,大致可分为5个气候期:4.0~3.0kaB P.相对暖干期;3.0~2.2kaB.P.相对冷湿期;2.2~1.6kaB.P.相对暖干期;1.6~1.0kaB.P.相对冷湿期;1.0kaB.P.左右之后的相对暖干期。     

气候变化背景下尼雅河流域生态基流研究

流域生态基流是河流生态系统健康稳定的关键,以新疆尼雅河流域为研究区域,根据民丰县气象站1958—2018年的气象数据与尼雅河4个水文监测断面1978—2018年的水文数据,运用趋势拟合、Tennant法、相关性分析和回归模型等分析流域气候变化、确定生态基流并探究其时空分异与保证率变化,揭示生态基流对气候变化的响应。结果表明：61 a来流域气温以0.22 ℃·(10a)^-1的速度增加,年降水量以3.8 mm·(10a)^-1的速度增加;尼雅水库、八一八渠首、尼雅水文站和尼雅渠首的年生态基流推荐值分别为：1.989 m³·s^-1、2.188 m³·s^-1、1.755 m³·s^-1、1.702 m³·s^-1;生态基流年际最大值出现在2010年,最小值在1980年,年内最大值在7月,最小值在1月或12月;空间上表现为上游高下游低,以八一八渠首处最高,尼雅渠首处最低;各站多年平均生态基流保证率分别为：50%、45%、50%、45%,且表现出汛期明显高于非汛期;逐年、逐月生态基流与气温、降水量均在0.01水平上显著相关,但在春夏季对气温敏感,秋冬季对降水量敏感,各水文监测断面的回归模型耦合效果相似,流域整体回归方程R²=0.365,且生态基流对气候变化响应具有整体性和衰减性。研究结果可为尼雅河流域生态调水和水生态修复提供参考。     

Multi-frequency satellite radar imaging of cultural heritage: the case studies of the Yumen Frontier Pass and Niya ruins in the Western Regions of the Silk Road Corridor

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing is increasingly favoured in archaeological applications. However, the effectiveness of this technology for archaeological prospection has so far not been fully assessed. In this study, an integrated single-date and multi-temporal SAR data-processing chain was proposed to sharpen archaeological signs and hence their detection and monitoring. In total, 14 scenes of X-band Cosmo-SkyMed, C-band Sentinel-1 and L-band PALSAR data covering the Western Regions of the Silk Road Corridor in China were employed for two important archaeological sites including the Yumen Frontier Pass with emerging archaeological traces and Niya ruins with subsurface remains. The results pointed out that single-date satellite radar data were useful for the identification of subsurface traces buried under desert in the landscape-scale, whereas for the identification of emerging monuments, Sentinel-1 was limited by its lower spatial resolution compared to TerraSAR and PALSAR data. Multi-date products, such as interferometric coherence, the averaged radar signatures and RGB multi-temporal composites, were effective to sharpen archaeological traces as well as for change detection in Yumen Frontier Pass. This study presents a pilot assessment of satellite SAR data for the analysis and monitoring of archaeological features in the predominantly arid-sandy environmental characteristic of investigated sites.     

塔里木盆地南缘尼雅剖面的孢粉组合与环境

根据尼雅剖面孢粉含量的分析，结合^14C年代、δ^13C和低步磁化率X1f值的变化，探讨了位于塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘尼雅地区近4000年来的气候环境演化。结果表明，近4000年来，此地区气候持续干旱，但期间仍有几次相对湿润的波动，即在约3600aBP前后（1650BC）、2500－1900aBP(550BC-50AD)和1400－1000aBP（550－950AD）期间，生态环境湿润程度有所增加。研究还表明，干旱区孢粉分析结果对于古植被、古气候环境的恢复以及古人类活动变迁的推测可提供较为有用的信息，剖面中1．70－1．60m(100BC－50AD）孢粉组合禾本科花粉含量的峰值很可能是古人类生产活动的影响所至。     

THE SEQUENCE OF PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES SINCE ABOUT 4KA B.P., RECORDED BY NIYA SECTION IN SOUTHERN MARGIN OF TARIM BASIN

1 INTRODUCTIONOne of the 7 key plans of IGBP (International Geo-Biosphere Project) is the PAGES (Past Global Changes), of which the relation of mutual influence of mankind and natural environmental changes during historic period has attracted great attentions over the world (CHEN,1992; Committee of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 1995). Due to the atrocious natural conditions, study of this issues are much more backward in southern Xinjiang. So to investigate and…