珠江河口铜、铅、锌、铬和镉对单细胞藻类生长的影响

通过现场采水样和实验室模拟,研究珠江河口环境在一连串变化过程中,当各种浓度的Cu,zn,Pb,Cr和Cd单独存在或共存时,对单细胞藻类——硅藻和扁藻的毒性影响。     

Effects of nutritional factors on the growth and heterotrophic eicosapentaenoic acid production of diatom <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nitzschia laevis</Emphasis>

The effects of several nutritional factors on the growth and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production of diatom Nitzschia laevis were studied. 4 LDM (quadrupled concentration of the nutrient salt) was the optimal concentration of nutrient salt for the growth and EPA production of N. laevis. The growth of N. laevis was inhibited when the glucose concentration was either lower than 10 gL⁻¹ or higher than 15 gL⁻¹. Both sodium nitrate and urea were good nitrogen sources for the growth and EPA production, while ammonium chloride seriously decreased the dry cell weight (DW) and the EPA content. Silicate seriously influenced the growth of N. laevis. The maximum DW of 2.34 gL⁻¹ was obtained in the presence of 150 mgL⁻¹ Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O. The EPA content remained almost the same when the silicate concentration was lower than 150 mgL⁻¹; however, higher silicate concentrations resulted in a steady decrease of EPA content. Low medium salinity (⩽29) did not seem to influence the DW of N. laevis, and high salinity resulted in a decrease of DW. The highest EPA content (4.08%) and yield (110 mgL⁻¹) were observed at the salinity of 36 and 29, respectively.     

一株海洋微藻的分离鉴定及其产油条件优化

自青岛近岸海水中分离到一株硅藻,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,表明该藻与小头菱形藻(Nitzschia microcephala)最为相近,18SrDNA相似性99%以上。研究以f/2培养基为基础,对该藻的生长和油脂积累条件进行探析,表明其在pH=6~8时具有较高的生长速率,最大可达到0.01d-1,油脂含量随pH的升高而降低;添加SiO2-3可以抑制菱形藻的生长和油脂积累;高浓度的Fe3+能促进菱形藻的生长;在Zn2+浓度为1.74μmol/L的条件下,菱形藻能够较好地生长并且进行油脂的积累;其中pH、SiO2-3和Fe3+是影响该藻生长和油脂积累的主要因子。正交试验研究表明,该藻在f/2培养液中生长和油脂积累的最优条件为初始pH=9,SiO2-3和Fe3+添加浓度分别为0.07和100μmol/L。在该最优条件下,该藻的生物量和油脂积累可分别达到94.7mg/L和19.6%。     

Effect of growth phase on the fatty acid compositions of four species of marine diatoms

The fatty acid compositions of four species of marine diatoms (Chaetoceros gracilis MACC/B13, Cylindrotheca fusiformis MACC/B211, Phaeodactylum tricornutum MACC/B221 and Nitzschia closterium MACC/B222), cultivated at 22 ℃±1 ℃ with the salinity of 28 in f/2 medium and harvested in the exponential growth phase, the early stationary phase and the late stationary phase, were determined. The results showed that growth phase has significant effect on most fatty acid contents in the four species of marine diatoms. The proportions of 16:0 and 16: 1n-7 fatty acids increased while those of 16 :3n-4 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased with increasing culture age in all species studied. The subtotal of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased with the increasing culture age in all species with the exception of B13. The subtotal of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased while that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased with culture age in the four species of marine diatoms. MUFA reached their lowest value in the exponential growth phase, whereas PUFA reached their highest value in the same phase.     

长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和新月细柱藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)分子分类研究

本研究自胶州湾分离了两种底栖硅藻,形态学初步鉴定为长菱形藻和新月细柱藻。对其18S rDNA和rbcL基因进行了测序并用邻接法构建了系统树。结果表明,两藻在18S rD-NA和rbcL基因序列上均存在较大的差异,基于DNA序列的分类结果与形态学分类结果一致。在依据形态指标难以确定藻类分类地位的情况下,18S rDNA和rbcL基因序列是有用的鉴定工具。     

用包埋脱水法冰冻保存小新月菱形藻

采用包埋脱水法研究了小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium minutissima)的超低温保存,探讨了影响存活率的内、外因素:藻细胞年龄、脱水速率、胶球含水量和化冻后的恢复方法等。结果表明,将处于静止初期的藻细胞包埋在含有0.5 mol/L蔗糖的3%褐藻酸钙胶球中,以含水量每小时减少0.9%的平均速率脱水至胶球含水量为40%,化冻后在冻存管中室温下暗恢复12 h的条件下冰冻存活率较高,可达到18.3%左右。与常规的两步法冰冻保存相比,包埋脱水法可大大简化操作程序,是保存小新月菱形藻的一种有潜力的方法。     

磁水培育小新月菱形藻的研究

磁水是指以流过磁场的水,即水流横过磁力线,也称磁化水。许多关于磁水及其应用的科学实验、生产实践表明,它可以改善、解决锅炉和冷却等水垢问题,提高印染、造纸、制糖和食品的产量和质量,农业上利用磁水浸种、育秧和灌溉,均可收到增产效果。磁水能否应用于单胞藻的培养,对单胞藻繁殖、生长有无影响,尚未见报道。该研究以1987—1988年小新月     

NaHCO3浓度对塔胞藻、小球藻和新月菱形藻生长的影响

在温度为 ( 2 2± 1 )℃ ,盐度为 2 8的条件下 ,用不同浓度的NaHCO3( 0 ,1 0 0 ,2 0 0 ,40 0 ,80 0 ,1 2 0 0和 1 60 0mg/L)对青岛海洋大学微藻种质库保存的塔胞藻 (Pyramidomonassp.)、小球藻 (Chlorellaspp .)和新月菱形藻 (Nitzschiaclosterium )进行培养。实验结果表明 ,NaHCO3浓度对 3种海洋微藻生长的影响差异显著 ,经过 6d的培养 ,塔胞藻和小球藻的细胞浓度都在NaHCO3浓度为 1 2 0 0mg/L时达到最大值 ;新月菱形藻的细胞浓度在NaHCO3浓度为 40 0mg/L时达到最大值。     

Cylindrotheca closterium Is a Species Complex as Was Evidenced by the Variations of rbcL Gene and SSU rDNA

The genus Cylindrotheca consists of a small group of marine diatoms with a few species described. Eleven isolates of diatoms identified as Cylindrotheca closterium morphologically were obtained from Jiaozhou Bay with their nuclear-encoded small-subunit ribosomal RNA （SSU rDNA） and chloroplast-encoded rbcL gene sequences determined in this study. Interestingly, very high sequence divergences of SSU rDNA and rbcL gene were found among these isolates, and numerous nucleotide variation of rbcL gene caused relatively few variation of deduced amino acid sequence. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA and rbcL gene, respectively, grouped the isolates into 6 clades. Phylogenetic tree of SSU rDNA placed all the Cylindrotheca isolates together, separating them into two lineages clearly. LineageⅠ was composed of the eleven C. closterium isolates obtained in this study together with another C. closterium isolate, but some clades were not well supported. LineageⅠwas contained two C. closterium isolates and one C. fusiformis isolate. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL gene also separated the Cylindrotheca isolates into two well-defined lineages. The eleven C. closterium isolates formed a lineage and all clades were supported strongly. Statistical comparisons of SSU rDNA indicated that the average distance within lineageⅠwas significantly higher than that of other microalgae species （P 〈0.01）. These results suggested the existence of cryptic species within C. closterium.