Monitoring coastal evolution and associated littoral hazards of French Guiana shoreline with radar images

This paper aims at illustrating different case examples of monitoring active coastal evolutions using remote sensing synthetic aperture radar images (ERS 1–2 and Envisat) in humid tropical areas. Effectively, the radar satellite images may be acquired under most climate conditions, especially in cloudy tropical areas. As case examples, we studied herein French Guiana shoreline and its fast evolution under the combined influences of sea currents, sediments and swells. We focused on two aspects of French Guiana littoral evolution: (1) sedimentation and erosion processes linked to mud banks displacements around Kourou City, and (2) around Iracoubo village. Lastly, we compared this short-term sedimentation balance with long-term data showing the discrepancies of short- and long-term littoral evolutions on whole French Guiana. To conclude, this work demonstrates the importance of SAR imagery to provide high-quality and high-frequency update geographic information for coastal management and littoral hazards especially in such tropical humid and cloudy areas. To cite this article: H. Trebossen et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

航海口令的特点及翻译原则

总结了航海口令简洁性、方向指代具体化、船称谓拟人化、用词约定俗成、词性特别5个特点,讨论了航海口令的翻译原则:保持口令的简洁性,使用约定俗成的术语,切忌死译、硬译。     

海洋测绘专业通科人才培养模式的探讨

在对国际海道测量师与海图制图师资格教育标准进行比较研究的基础上,提出了海洋测绘专业通科教育培养模式,并在教学内容与课程设置、实践教学环节、师资队伍知识结构与基本素质等有关方面进行了研究,同时分析了培养高素质海洋测绘人才在更新教学内容、教材图书资料建设和建立完善的教学保障体系方面需要解决的相关问题。     

元谋干热河谷区蒸发量减少原因的灰色关联分析

元谋干热河谷区气候炎热干燥、植被稀疏、生态系统脆弱。近２０年来蒸发量明显减少，本文采用灰色系统关联度理论，对各有关因素影响的大小进行了计算和排序。     

X波段航海雷达图像噪声检测与滤除方法研究

根据航海雷达数据的时空特点,提出一种图像噪声检测与滤除方法。该方法首先根据噪声在各次扫描间的不相关性对其进行检测,然后只针对检测出的噪声数据进行滤除。通过与传统的中值滤波算法和均值算法进行比较,同时使用信噪比指标对处理结果进行分析,结果表明,本算法既保持了传统中值滤波方法简单、快速的优点,又很好地保持了图像的灰度信息,具有较好的降噪效果。     

Analysis of directional wave fields using X-band navigation radar

The aim of this work is to present an approach to describe complex sea states including the ones consisting of superpositions of swell and wind sea components, using a nautical radar in X-band as a remote sensing technique. In the present article, the inversion method to obtain the spectral representation of the wave fields is described. The method is applied to analyse data obtained from simulation techniques, as well as from measurements obtained during oceanographic campaigns in the Bay of Biscay and North Sea.     

A comparison of sea-state parameters from nautical radar images and buoy data

Nautical radar and scalar buoy measurements of ocean wind generated waves have been analysed to compare the spectral parameters estimated from both sensors. The time series of different sea-state parameters and the differences and ratios of the values obtained from radar and buoy data using different analysis methods are compared. It has been observed that main differences between the sea-state parameters derived by using measurements obtained from both sensors result both from device characteristics and from the method of spectral estimation. In particular, it is shown that the Nyquist frequency has an important effect on the value of the sea-state parameters depending on spectral moments of order higher than zero.