Fish Assemblage Responses to a Low-head Dam Removal in the Lancang River

Dam removal is becoming an effective approach for aquatic biodiversity restoration in damming river in order to balance the aquatic ecosystem conservation with large-scale cascade damming. However, the effects of dam removal on fish communities in Asian mountainous rivers, which are dominated by Cypriniformes fishes, are still not well known. To determine whether dam removal on a mountainous river benefit restoration of fish diversity, we investigated the response of fish assemblage to dam removal using a before-after-control-impact design in two tributaries of the Lancang River(dam removal river: the Jidu River, and control river: the Fengdian River). Fish surveys were conducted one year prior to dam removal(2012) and three years(2013–2015) following dam removal. We observed rapidly and notably spatio-temporal changes in fish biodiversity metrics and assemblage structure, occurring in the Jidu River within the first year after dam removal. Overall, fish species richness, density and Shannon-Wiener diversity all increased immediately in above-and below-dam sites, and maintained a stable level in subsequent years, compared to unchanged situation in the control river. All sites in the Jidu River experienced shifts in fish composition after dam removal, with the greatest temporal changes occurred in sites below-and above-the former dam, resulting in a temporal homogenization tendency in the dam removed river. These findings suggest that dam removal can benefit the recovery of habitat conditions and fish community in Asian mountainous rivers, but the results should be further evaluated when apply to other dammed rivers since the dam age, fluvial geomorphology and situation of source populations could all affect the responses of fish assemblages.     

香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)精子的超微结构及其与鲤形目及鲑形目其他鱼类精子结构的比较研究

为了解香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)精子的形态结构特点,采用扫描和透射电镜技术观察了香鱼精子的超微结构,并与鲤形目及鲑形目其他鱼类精子结构进行了比较。结果表明,香鱼精子由头部、中段和尾部组成,全长约23.5μm。头部呈弹头形,由细胞核外包质膜构成,长约1.8μm、宽约0.8μm;细胞核从后端中央向前深凹至核的近前端,形成植入窝,使核呈倒U字形,核的前端无顶体;植入窝内有中心粒复合体及小段起始的鞭毛,中心粒复合体由近端中心粒和远端中心粒(基体)组成,两者之间夹角约135o。中段为"半袖套"结构,长约0.5μm,其内部为一较大的"半套筒"形线粒体。鞭毛起始于远端中心粒,由轴丝及外包轴丝的质膜组成,轴丝为典型的"9+2"微管结构;鞭毛两侧有质膜向外突起形成侧鳍。研究显示,香鱼精子与典型的鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类精子卵圆形或圆球形头部及细胞核、不对称的袖套及尾部鞭毛无侧鳍等结构特征不同,也与鲑形目(Salmoniformes)鱼类精子卵圆形或椭圆形头部及马蹄形或浅U形细胞核、两中心粒相互平行或垂直、袖套结构完整等结构特征不同。香鱼精子结构具有种的特异性。     

云南金线鲃属一新种——阿庐金线鲃(鲤形目:鲤科)

描记采于云南省沪西县城郊龙潭及阿庐古洞的金线鲃属一新种,命名为阿庐金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus aluensisL ietX iao sp.nov。新种在外形上与狭孔金线鲃S.angustiporusZhengetX iao(1985)相近,但有下列特征与之区别:1)新种头长显著大于体高;后者头长约等于体高。2)新种背鳍起点至吻端的距离大于至尾鳍基的距离;后者正相反。3)新种鳃孔大,上角超过眼上缘水平线;后者鳃孔小,上角低于眼上缘水平线。4)经线粒体细胞色素b基因测定,两者分子遗传距离为3.0%,提示是两个独立种。