Drought and institutional adaptation in the Great Plains of Alberta and Saskatchewan, 1914–1939

Agriculture in the southern Great Plains of Canada has been particularly vulnerable to prolonged episodes of drought. Using climate data and a precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration index, the extent of the region’s exposure to drought is examined. Between 1914 and 1917, the Dry Belt was particularly vulnerable to drought, whereas after 1928, a much larger region known as the Palliser Triangle covering most of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan was much more exposed to drought. These droughts provoked major institutional adaptation, in particular the establishment of the Special Areas Board by the Government of Alberta, and the creation of the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration by the Government of Canada. Both organizations have proved to be relatively permanent public adaptations to the natural hazard of drought in the region. Moreover, these earlier experiences with prolonged drought as well as institution-building may be of value in helping the residents of the Palliser Triangle adapt to predicted climate changes in the future as well as anticipate some of the barriers to effective institutional adaptation.     

地理信息系统在管理工作中的应用

地理信息系统可用于地理信息的处理，这是众所周知的，其实地理信息系统有更多用途，提出了将地理信息系统用于管理工作中的一些方法及建议。     

论地质环境的保护与治理

人类社会的生存和发展，必然开发利用国土资源，从而造成对地质环境的扰动，因此，我们应从发展变化的观点看待地质环境，减少对地环境的坡坏，加强地质环境的治理。     

乡镇集体矿山建设的有关问题浅议

本世纪70年代以来,乡镇集体矿山建设有了很大的发展,但同时也存在着宏观失控、资源浪费严重、安全事故多、环境污染严重等问题。为此,本文浅议了必备可靠的地质资料、遵循设计和审批程序、合理划定资源界限、综合开发利用,以及搞好安全环保等几个问题,旨在促进乡镇集体矿山建设健康顺利地发展。     

中国气象局直属机关青年人才队伍建设研究

中国气象局直属机关青年比例较高,且普遍具备高学历,整体综合素质强,是气象人才队伍的生力军,是气象事业发展的中流砥柱。通过调研,发现青年人才在政治理论学习、职业发展现状、生活工作压力等方面还存在一些问题。针对青年人才队伍中存在的问题,从提高政治理论教育成果、注重青年思想价值观引导、健全青年人才管理机制、加强职业规划指导、关注青年心理健康等方面提出建议,为进一步提升青年工作质量,加强青年人才队伍建设提供参考。     

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.     

苏丹国水利水电大坝勘察的几点体会

近两年,我单位在苏丹国先后完成Kajbar,Shrerik、Sabloka、Dal、Dagash,Mograt等水利水电大坝的勘查工作,通过6个大坝的详细勘察,我们形成了一整套比较完好的国外施工经验和管理经验。本文就Kajbar大坝施工和其它大坝经验,对国外施工的准备阶段到施工阶段作业步骤做一简单的总结,并提出对国外员工管理的一点心得。     

1992～2011年四川省地震局学术论文统计分析

以中国知网期刊全文数据库（CNKI）和维普科技期刊全文数据库为基础,统计分析了四川省地震局1992～2011年期间发表的地震期刊中文学术论文的情况。四川省地震局20年间共计发表论文1171篇,平均每年产出地震期刊学术论文58．5篇,以四川省地震局为第一署名单位论文925篇,平均每年46篇,论文数量逐年分布呈上升趋势,且与强震活动相关;论文刊载于74种中文科技期刊,总频次大于20次的高频期刊有8个;论文基金资助率逐年增加。论文统计结果显示四川地震科技研究工作一直在持续进步,在科技发展的主动性和创新性以及基层台站科研方面需进一步加强。     

Design and Implementation of the Hydrographic Production and Management Information System (HYPAMIS)

With the development of hydrographic work and information techniques, the traditional work mode is not suitable for the Chinese Marine Safety Administration Bureau (CMSAB). Aiming at the separation of charts production and management, a new idea that is the integration of production, management, and quality control is presented. Geographic Information System (GIS), Management Information System (MIS), Office Automation (OA) and Spatial Database Management (SDM) advanced techniques are introduced into the workflows in CMSAB. To realize information sharing, a mixed mode with Browser/Server (B/S) mode and Client/Serve (C/S) mode are adopted. Based on the above ideas and strategies, an integrated system named Hydrographic Production And Management Information System (HYPAMIS) was developed. The whole workflow and three subworkflows including survey management workflow, production workflow, and quality control workflow of are outlined after re-engineering the CMSAB organization. Some design principles and key techniques of the HYPAMIS including the cooperation of GIS and MIS, object-oriented spatial data model and management, data management based on database, and security control are illustrated in detail. Then the implementation of the system is introduced briefly. Finally, performance evaluation of the system and future work is given.