中国大别山东南缘首次发现大坝陨坑构造

简介首次在大别山东南缘安徽省境内发现的大坝陨坑构造。经初步评价,知陨坑呈椭圆形,长轴呈北北东向,长约19km,短轴长约12km,最大坑深约2km,是一个有中央隆起区的复杂型陨坑。在卫片上陨坑显示环形影像,地貌形态为一洼地。陨坑基座保存尚好,可对它直观和追索陨坑构造边界。形成于230Ma左右的各类撞击变质岩石系列齐全,其中含有柯石英等典型的撞击变质矿物及撞击碎理等超微构造,特别是在陨坑基座内壁普遍发现有鉴别陨坑构造最可靠的标志——干裂自角砾岩,都证明大坝环形影像是一个典型的陨星撞击坑构造。它的发现,具有很大的科学及经济意义,对今后褶皱山区寻找和研究陨坑构造具有示范和指导作用,同时大大丰富了建设大别山世界地质公园的地质依据。无庸置疑此发现将促进大别山旅游业的发展及陨星撞击科普知识的传播。     

The Confirmation of a New Type of Chondrites and Their Cosmochemical Significance

The data available show that some Antarctic carbonaceous chondrites are similar to Cl meteorites.Tehy contain a lot of phyllosilicate aggregates and the oxygen isotopic composition of the whole-rock samples is approximate to that of C1 chondrites,so they are named after quasi-C1(Q-C1)chondrites Unlike Cl metcorites,the Q-Cl chondites possess chondrule structrue,and the compositions of hih temperature condensates(chondrule fragments,mineral grains or aggregates)show that the oxygen fugacity varied within a wide range in the surroundings where they were formed,similar to the variation range from E.H.L,LL to C group chondrites.It is inferred that the Q-C1 chondrites could be formed at the edges far from the equator in the whole asteroid region of the solar nebular disk.where the nebula was lower in density and the condensates were lower in accretion velocity,so that the hydration of chon drules and matrix occurred during the late stage of nebular condensation.The discovery of the Q-Cl chondrites and the fact that the earth and other terrestrial planets contain water indicate that at the edges far from the equator in the terrestrial reigion of the solar nebular disk,a large amount of water was incorporated into the lattice of minerals in the condensates as a result of hydration during nebular condensation,and then found its way into the interior parts of the Earth and other terrestrial planets due to accretion.     

The New Meteorite Fall of Yanzhuang—A Severely Shocked H6 Chondrite with Black Molten Materials

At 21:45 hr (Beijing time) on Oct. 31, 1990 the Yanzhuang meteorite hit the ground at the Yanzhuang village, Wenyuan County, Guangdong Province. Several fragments, totalling 3.5 kg, were recovered during the field survey. This meteorite is a rare one of its kind due to its heavily shocked features and thick veins made up of black molten materials. Olivine and low-calcium pyroxene are compositionally homogeneous with Fa=18.59, Fs=16.35 and Wo=1.29. The chemical composition (total Fe=28.0%) and recrystallized texture of the chondritic mass show that the Yanzhuang is an H6 chondrite. The black molten materials occur in the form of blocks (up to 2×3×4 cm in size) and veins (0.1–15 mm in width), and contain a lot of rounded and elliptic FeNi-FeS blobs (up to 6–10 mm in length). The metal in these blobs exhibits distinct dendritic structure characteristic of rapid cooling. Unmolten and molten samples are very similar in chemical composition, fitting well with the average H-chondrites. Partial melting and FeNi/FeS-silicate separation have not been observed in the molten materials of the Yanzhuang. This project was financially supported by the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.     

Classification of 24 New Ordinary Chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica

Petrography and mineral chemistry of 24 ordinary chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica, have been studied in order to identify their chemical-petrographic types. These samples were selected from a total of 4448 Grove Mountains (GRV) meteorites collected during the 19th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition so as to make an estimation of the large GRV meteorite collection. The chemical-petrographic types of these meteorites are presented below: 1 H3,2 H4, 4 H5, 2 H6, 1 L4, 7 L5, 5 L6, 1 LL4 and 1 LL6. The new data weaken the previous report that unequilibrated ordinary chondrites are unusually abundant in the Grove Mountains region. However, this work confirms significant differences in distribution patterns of chemical-petrographic types between the Grove Mountains and other     

始新世末期陨星撞击改变太平洋板块运动方向吗?

尹延鸿等[1] 在东太平洋的 DSDP5 73孔发现始新世末期微玻璃陨石。他们认为始新世末期微玻璃陨石场的展布方向为 2 5 0°,与太平洋板块运动方向改变所需要的矢量变化几乎一致 ,提出很可能是始新世末期陨星撞击引起太平洋板块运动方向由NNW突然改变为 NWW。这与万天丰等 [2 ,3 ] 提出的陨星撞击可能诱导板块运动或引起板块运动方向改变的观点一致。这假说很有创新性 ,很有趣 ,在多学科中都可能有重要意义 ,值得详细研究。始新世末期有两层陨星撞击产物 [4,5] ,上面一层是 microtektites (微玻璃陨石 ) ,稍下一点的一层为clinopyrocene- b…     

强流星雨及其灾害性空间天气事件的观测与研究

在首届狮子座强流星雨国际联测期间,开展了多学科、多手段的狮子座和天龙座强流星雨及其灾害性空间天气事件的综合观测,并结合近半个世纪的(1957-2003年)狮子座、英仙座和天龙座强流星雨及其相关资料的综合分析,充分证实了非偶现的周期性强流星雨可导致灾害性空间天气事件的形成.下述结论亦得到初步证认:强流星雨形成机制;f_bE_s异常峰出现规律;对宇航安全的严重危害.文中还对彗星尘演化过程、宇宙尘暴出现和丢失规律及中纬区E_s层宇宙尘维持机制作了讨论.     

世界历史上一次罕见的陨石雨

今年三月八日，在我国吉林省吉林地区降落了一场空前规模的陨石雨，这是中外科学史上的一次重大事件。     

陨星撞击的地学意义与撞击构造的判识标志

陨星撞击是太阳系各行星及卫星演化、地质历史中导致古气候环境灾变与生物灭绝和新生的主要营力之一,在地球演化早期是一种较为普遍发生的事件。研究陨星撞击作用及其影响是探讨地球演化的有机组成部分,无论在基础理论方面还是在实际应用方面,都具有重大的意义。目前对于陨星撞击的地学意义研究,主要集中在撞击事件与地球环境灾变、地球生命更替、板块构造动力学、富集成矿（藏）等关系方面。撞击构造是判识陨星撞击事件最明显和最直接的记录,其形态和规模、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、构造和地球物理等特征是判识撞击构造的重要标志。     

Chemical compositions and cassfication of Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 and other Chinese iron meteorites

Concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Sb, W, Re, Ir, Pt and Au of two ungrouped iron meteorites, Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 from Antarctica and Ujimqin, were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. According to the bulk chemistry, GRV 98003 is classified as a member of ⅠAB group, and Ujimqin as a unique one of ⅠAB iron meteorite complex. The elemental abundance pattern and correlation between elements （e. g. Ni-Au, Co-Au, As-Au, W- Au, Cu-Au, Sb-Au） of GRV 98003 are similar with those of NAW 468 （ⅠAB）, but significantly depleted in refractory siderophile elements （ Re, It） and moderate volatile elements （Ca, Ge） relative to the latter. In addition, we reclassify Nantan （ⅢCD） as a member of ⅠAB main group （MG） and Yongning （ⅠA） as a unique iron meteorite related with IAB iron meteorite complex.