A CASE STUDY ON CONCENTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION：BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF SPATIAL EVOLUTION IN METROPOLITAN AREA，NANJING，CHINA

In rapid socio-economic development,the process of concentration and dispersal of various elements tends to be more dramatic,tremendously influencing the shaping and transformation of the space in metropolitan area.Survey of spatial concentration and decentralization has thus become a basic method in examining metropolitan spatial evolution.In this research,three elements were selected as the essential indicators of the process:demographic density distribu-tion,employment density distribution and business office location.Performance of these elements in Nanjing City was exam-ined historically.As Nanjing City could be regarded as a representative of metropolitan areas in China,its situation large-ly suggestes the general characteristics in similar areas of China.Hence based on the investigation of Nanjing City,four general implications were highlighted.First ,metropolitan areas in China are in a violent process and shift of spatial concentra-tion and decentralization.Second,from now to at least the near future,concentration will continue to be the central fea-ture.Third,the landscape of metropolitan areas basically exhibits a dual structure character.The gap in environmental and ecological qualities among different districts will continue for a long time.Fourth,Central Business District (CBD) is playing an important role in helping to convert the traditionally single-centered city structure into a polycentric one.     

山东省基本农田保护条例

第一章　总则第一条　为加强对基本农田的保护,稳定耕地面积,确保粮食安全,促进农业生产和经济社会的可持续发展,根据《中华人民共和国土地管理法》、《中华人民共和国农业法》、国务院《基本农田保护条例》等法律、法规,结合本省实际,制定本条例。第二条　本条例所称基本农田,是指依据土地利用总体规划确定的不得占用的耕地。本条例所称基本农田保护区是指为对基本农田实行特殊保护,按照法定程序确定的特定保护区域。第三条　本条例适用于本省行政区域内基本农田保护区的划定、保护和监督管理。第四条　县级以上人民政府应当将基本农田保护…     

土地综合整治难点何在？——溆浦新坪项目调查

开展土地综合整治，实施“万村土地综合整治”示范工程，是今年国土资源部推出的一项重大行动。大力推进土地综合整治可增加有效耕地面积，改善农业生产条件和农村生活环境，促进土地节约集约利用，也是保发展、保红线的结合点，统筹城乡发展的新平台，当前还能有效地拉动农村投资和消费需求。溆浦县桥江镇新坪村是怀化土地综合整治的首个试点村，近来就该村实施情况进行了调查。     

湖州市矿产资源规划修编的实践和思考

1999年，湖州市在全国率先编制了《湖州市矿产资源保护与开发利用规划》，并荣获国土资源部规划优秀成果一等奖。经过五年的实施，《规划》确定的经济目标已经实现，湖州成为华东地区最大的建筑石料生产基地和重要的优质水泥生产基地。2005年，湖州市经过一年时间的努力，再次率先编制完成新一轮矿产资源规划《湖州市矿产资源总体规划（2005—2015年）》。经浙江省人民政府同意，省国土资源厅已于去年10月批准。当前，各地新一轮规划编制即将启动，湖州市矿产资源总体规划修编的实践以及规划编制中遇到的问题，值得借鉴。[编按]     

Incorporation of Perception-based Information in Robot Learning Using Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning Agents

Robot learning in unstructured environments has been proved to be an extremely challenging problem, mainly because of many uncertainties always present in the real world. Human beings, on the other hand, seem to cope very well with uncertain and unpredictable environments, often relying on perception-based information. Furthermore, humans beings can also utilize perceptions to guide their learning on those parts of the perception-action space that are actually relevant to the task. Therefore, we conduct a research aimed at improving robot learning through the incorporation of both perceptionbased and measurement-based information. For this reason, a fuzzy reinforcement learning (FRL) agent is proposed in this paper. Based on a neural-fuzzy architecture, different kinds of information can be incorporated into the FRL agent to initialise its action network, critic network and evaluation feedback module so as to accelerate its learning. By making use of the global optimisation capability of GAs (genetic algorithms), a GA-based FRL (GAFRL) agent is presented to solve the local minima problem in traditional actor-critic reinforcement learning. On the other hand, with the prediction capability of the critic network, GAs can perform a more effective global search. Different GAFRL agents are constructed and verified by using the simulation model of a physical biped robot. The simulation analysis shows that the biped learning rate for dynamic balance can be improved by incorporating perception-based information on biped balancing and walking evaluation. The biped robot can find its application in ocean exploration, detection or sea rescue activity, as well as military maritimeac tivity.     

确立生态价值观 构筑和谐可持续发展社会

世界各国的发展都必须面对的是这样一个共同性的基本问题，即人类社会对物质产品数量、性能、品种追求的无限性与自然环境、物质生产及供给能力的有限性之间的矛盾。人类自出现以来就开始努力从自然界中谋求生存并争取更好的生存（发展的本质就在于此），这种努力永不停歇。尽管人类社会追求物质产品的无限性和自然环境供给能力的有限性是客观存在的，但人类认识到他们的存在，特别是认识到这二者之间矛盾的严重性和普遍性，却有一个相当漫长的过程。     

加大土地整理开发力度为我省经济社会可持续发展作出新贡献

充分肯定我省土地整理开发工作取得的成效 在各级党委、政府的正确领导下,在省耕地保护和造地改田领导小组成员单位的大力配合支持下,我省土地整理和标准农田建设取得了显著成绩.至2004年底,全省通过土地整理等方式建成标准农田1194.38万亩,新增耕地达182.07万亩,为我省连续9年实现耕地占补平衡提供了重要保障.核拨土地整理折抵指标131.09万亩,使用折抵指标批准的耕地104.26万亩,占全部批准建设占用耕地179.27万亩的58%,大大缓解了我省建设用地计划指标严重不足的矛盾.同时,通过土地整理和标准农田建设,提高了耕地质量,改善了农业生产条件.通过农村居民点综合整治,改善了农村的交通环境、生态环境、生活居住环境,开辟了村级集体经济收入财源,壮大了村级经济,为村民办了一些实事、好事,既调动了基层干部的工作积极性,又增强了村级班子的凝聚力,促进了农村基层建设.     

台州市椒江区 西洋村造田造地项目通过验收

4月27日，椒江区章安街道西洋村造田造地项目通过区级验收，为该街道补充耕地202．75亩。该项目于今年1月份经椒江区土地开发整理领导小组椒土垦【2006】1号文件批准立项，于2月初开始，清理老化桔树，修筑机耕道路。经过3个多月的艰苦作业，完成了造田造地工作，形成了田块平整、田埂整齐，田成方、路成网，渠相通的农业园区格局。达到了旱涝保收的标准，改善了农业生产条件，极大地提高了粮食产量，增加了农民收益。并为章安发展扩大了用地空间。     

浅谈城市化建设与耕地保护

随着我国国民经济的发展，工业化程度的提高和城市化进程的加快，大量耕地被转化成建设用地，导致人均耕地面积不断减少，耕地质量日趋降低，直接影响了农业生产和农民的正常生活，为了缓解耕地资源日趋紧张的局面，我们应加大力度进一步保护耕地。