Revisiting Sustainable Development of Dry Valleys in Hengduan Mountains Region

Dry valleys are a striking geographic landscape in Hengduan Mountains Region and are characterized by low rainfall, desert type of vegetation and fragile environment. Past efforts and resources have been concentrated mainly on rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem and fragile environment, particularly reforestation, while socio-economic development has been largely overlooked. Despite successes in pocket areas, the overall trend of unsustainability and environmental deterioration are continuing. It is important to understand that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is the root cause of development of dry valleys, and development and formation of dry valleys is a natural process. Human intervention has played a secondary role in development of dry valleys and degradation of dry valleys though human intervention in many cases has speeded up environmental degradation of the dry valleys. It is important to understand that dry valleys are climatic enclaves and an integrated approach that combines rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and socio-economic development should be adopted if the overall goal of sustainable development of dry valleys is to be achieved. Promotion of niche-based cash crops, rural energy including hydropower, solar energy, biogas and fuelwood plantation is recommended as the priority activities.     

Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan＇s Mountain Forests

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework, this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan＇s walnut-fruit forests over the last century The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side, their interests and demands, and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management - and even the recognition of different forest products as resources - are connected with political and socioeconomic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique, characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products; and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule, when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era, a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly, which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions, but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present, the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate, which has resulted in the forests＇ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization, increased communication and transregional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today, walnut wood and burls, walnuts, wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless, it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors - the present transformation and globalization processes, the appearance of new actors, the local population＇s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions - are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests, resulting in their degradation.     

藏南白垩系黑-红层沉积岩有机质组成分布特征

对藏南江孜县床得剖面白垩系黑层和红层沉积岩进行的有机地球化学研究表明,黑层有机碳含量高于红层5～10倍,红层和黑层饱和烃主峰碳数分别为nC25和nC23;黑层和红层沉积有机质的母质来源都以水生植物和菌藻类等低等生物为主,陆源有机质的输入非常有限;但饱和烃的分布和主峰碳数的差异可能反映了有机母源物质在种群方面的差异,而这种差异可能主要是水体温度存在差异造成的,即红层发育时期水体温度可能高于黑层沉积时期.而在高温度条件下,水生生物和陆生植物的生长发育受到限制,造成原始有机质产率和有机质沉积保存量低可能是红层沉积岩形成的主要原因.     

等温微量热法在土壤微生物研究方面的进展

土壤微生物是陆地生态系统中分解者亚系统的主要组成部分, 参与了包括有机质降解、营养转化、 植物生长的促进或抑制以及各种土壤物理过程在内的一系列反应活动. 土壤微生物则是土壤质量重要的生物指标, 可以用来监控土壤质量的变化. 等温微量热法是一种简便、快速地测量微生物活性的方法, 在土壤微生物代谢热效应的研究领域中广泛应用. 就等温微量热法在土壤微生物活性中的研究进展进行综述: 等温微量热法的简介, 微量热方法与传统方法的比较, 等温微量热法在各种外界环境和土壤条件影响下的土壤微生物活性研究中的应用, 并对等温微量热法在土壤微生物和其它方面的研究进行了展望.     

N0AA发布美国珊瑚礁生态系统新研究报告并为综合观测系统提供依据

2005年8月18日，NOAA发布美国珊瑚礁生态系统国家研究报告。根据美国浅海珊瑚礁生态系统状况新的全国评价，美国国家珊瑚礁系统依然承受着来自自然和人类的种利压力，包括：过度捕捞、病害、污染和气候变化。     

大亚湾海域重金属潜在生态危害评价

采用金属潜在生态危害系数和危害指数的评估方法，评价了大亚湾海域重金属对海洋生态系统的潜在危害。结果表明，大亚湾海域重金属潜在生态危害轻微，而养殖海区和近岸海区的重金属潜在生态危害则相对较重，大亚湾海域重金属的潜在生态危害较珠江口外浅海轻。     

浅谈水生野生动物的保护管理

保护和合理利用水生野生动物资源,对维护生态平衡,保持生物多样性,促进社会发展,具有极其重要的意义。 1 我国水生野生动物保护现状 1.1 水生野生动物资源情况 我国是世界上拥有野生动物种类最多的国家之一,其中,水生野生动物占有相当大的比重。据统计,我国鱼类约有2100种,水生野生     

黄河三角洲湿地研究进展

黄河三角洲湿地是目前世界上土地面积自然增长最快的地区之一,是中国暖温带保存最完整、最广阔、最年轻的湿地生态系统,无论其在中国经济发展上,还是在环境建设上都具有重要的地位,由于其湿地生态系统的原始性和作为珍稀濒危鸟类重要栖息地的作用,在国际上也备受关注。     

吡喹酮和克螨特复配驱虫制剂对一些水生饵料生物的毒性

由吡喹酮和克螨特组成的复配制剂对小球藻、轮虫、蚤状溞、水蚯蚓和卤虫的毒性实验结果显示：复配制剂对轮虫的半致死浓度(LC50)为13．9mg／dm^3(24h)和3．03mg／dm^3(48h)．安全浓度(SC)为0．0432mg／dm^3；对蚤状溞的LC50为345．14mg／dm^3(24h)和17．5mg／dm^3(48h)，SC为0．0135mg／dm^3；对水蚯蚓的LC50为636．80mg／dm^3(24h)和79．07mg／dm^3(48h)，SC为0．366mg／dm^3；对卤虫无节幼虫的LC50为201．84mg／dm^3(24h)和8．91mg／dm^3(48h)．SC为0．00519mg／dm^3,复配制剂对水环境生物的破坏作用小．