Parameterizations of surface radiation in the semiarid grasslands of Inner Mongolia under clear-sky conditions using MODIS data

A set of improved and efficient radiation parameterization schemes for surface radiation balance components under clear- sky conditions was developed by using general surface measurements and MODIS data. The set of schemes was then adapted for regions similar to the present study sites under different grazing intensities and varying degrees of drought in the semiarid grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Specifically, we mainly improved two schemes for estimating downward shortwave and longwave radiation at the surface, which could be applied to regions with certain degrees of drought. The validation datasets were from ground-based observations at various grazing sites during the growing season （May to September） of different drought years, 2005 and 2006. Through comparisons of parameterized versus measured radiation values, the increased or modified factors in the original schemes demonstrated improved estimation accuracy, and the rationalities of input parameters and variables were analyzed. The regional instantaneous net radiation estimations had root-mean-square errors of less than 30 W m-2 compared with ground measurements at the sites during the study period. The statistical results showed the improved schemes are suitable for estimating surface net radiation in regional semiarid areas during the growing season. Analyses of the sensitivity of the schemes to corresponding variables were conducted to ascertain the major error sources of the schemes and potential variables for improving the performance of the schemes in agreement with observations.     

在原宅基地上私自建房该如何处置

案件原由 赵某是豫东某村村民,他居住的宅院是祖传的老院子,房屋也是几十年前的土木房.前不久,赵某自己找人拆除了旧房的土木结构墙体,在原宅基上重新砌墙盖成了两层砖瓦小楼.建成后的楼房,所占土地面积与原房并无变化.由于该村民盖房未经有关部门审批,经群众举报,该县国土资源局有人员赴现场作了调查.在如何处理的问题上,有两种意见:一种认为,按照<土地管理法>第六十二条第二款和第三款的规定,即使是在原旧宅基地上建房,也属住宅用地,就应该审批,如不批自建,就应依法处理;而另一种意见认为,第六十二条第二款还要求尽量使用原有宅基地,只要符合乡镇土地利用总体规划,又没扩建占地,只是在原基脚上形成墙体,如再审批,就属重复审批,应该不作处罚.     

罗氏沼虾胚胎发育研究Ⅱ.原始器官原基形成和消化系统的发生

罗氏沼虾以内陷形成原肠。原肠胚有两类细胞,未陷入的外胚层细胞和陷入的中内胚内细胞团。后者部分细胞分化的中胚层端 外胚层端细胞发育成芽殖带,进而形成原始器官的原基。消化系统内前、中、后肠组成,管壁简单,管腔明显。至胚胎卵化,前肠分化成食道和胃,中肠同前,后肠相通;后肠末端形成肛道。消化腺肝脏呈囊状,尚未发育完成。     

罗氏海盘车腕再生过程的组织学研究

对海盘车腕再生过程的研究，对于早日揭示棘皮动物等后口动物的再生机理具有重要意义。为了查清棘皮动物的再生方式及其机理，文中利用断腕创伤手术、组织化学和细胞化学技术对罗氏海盘车腕的再生过程进行了研究。连续跟踪研究结果表明，创伤8d后，在罗氏海盘车创伤腕的外表皮层和体腔上皮中均出现了干细胞原基样结构(blastema-like structure)。创伤腕的伤口愈合过程是1个多事件同期发生的综合过程，首先是真皮层中脱分化的肌肉样细胞向创伤处迁移和聚集，经再分化和组织重排逐渐形成成熟的真皮层组织，然后是外表皮层和体腔上皮中的脱分化细胞向创伤处迁移分别形成明显加厚的前表皮层和前体腔上皮，最后再分别分化为成熟的表皮层和体腔上皮。而海盘车腕的再生过程则包括新生腕芽的延长和残腕的延长2个事件同期发生的过程。新生腕芽的生长与延长是在创伤愈合的基础上，依靠表皮层、体腔上皮和真皮层来源的脱分化细胞的迁移和再分化先形成新生腕芽，随后在新生腕芽上又出现了新的干细胞原基样结构，使腕芽逐渐生长和延长。而创伤刺激下残腕的延长，则是在形成干细胞原基样结构的基础上，在残腔体壁的许多部位形成多个横跨体壁的“楔状”干细胞原基样结构，这些结构的多点插入及其再分化形成新的体壁组织使残腕得以延长。本文的研究结果还显示，罗氏海盘车腕的再生同时采用了表变态再生和变形再生2种方式。