未来的国际天球参考架

本文简述了国际天球参考架的发展历史和现在射电参考架的现状—基准源选择的标准和参考架的稳定性。描述了地面上光学观测在依巴谷参考架的维持和加密的一系列工作。介绍由天体测量卫星GAIA和SIM给出的天球参考架可能逵到的精度。详述了在今后十年中地面天体测量的作用以及正在开展有关天球参考架的研究课题 ,同时也列出了我国正在和即将开展天体测量的几个研究课题     

地震作用下的导管架海洋平台结构动力优化设计研究

把导管架海洋平台看作钢框架结构，并把优化方法用于结构的抗震设计中；以结构的总重量最小为优化目标，导管的平均直径和壁厚作为设计变量，考虑强度、刚度和稳定等约束条件。通过渤海BZ28—1油田储油平台为例进行了计算，计算结果表明，此方法对海洋平台的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

Baroclinic Buoyancy-Inertia Joint Stability Parameter

At present, the barotropic buoyant stability parameter has been derived from a vertical virtual displacement of a water parcel. The barotropic inertial stability parameter in the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic, basic current field was derived in 2003 from a horizontal cross-stream virtual displacement of a parcel. By expressing acceleration of a parcel due to a virtual displacement, which is arbitrarily sloping within a vertical section across the basic current, in terms of natural coordinates, we derived the vertical component of baroclinic buoyant stability parameter B ₂ ², the horizontal component of baroclinic inertial stability parameter I ₂ ², the baroclinic joint stability parameter J ², its buoyant component B ² and its inertial component I ². B ² is far greater than I ₂ ², and when neglecting relative vorticity except for vertical shear, a downward convex curve of J ² plotted against the slope of a virtual displacement follows a trend of B ² curve. If a parcel displaces along a horizontal surface or an isopycnal surface, however, B ² vanishes, and J ² becomes equal to I ². Actual parcel is apt to displace not only along the bottom slope, but also along the sea surface and an isopycnal interfacial surface, which is approximately equivalent to an isentropic surface, preferred by lateral mixing and exchange of momentum. Such actual displacement makes B ² vanishing, and grants I ² an important role. The present analysis of I ² examining effects due to curvature and horizontal and vertical shear vorticities are useful in deepening our understanding of baroclinic instability in actual oceanic streams.     

Inertial and hydrodynamic inertial loads on floating units

The analysis of the dynamic behavior of floating units usually employs a coordinate system with origin in the unit's center of gravity, which significantly simplifies the global mass matrix. Hydrodynamic coefficients are then computed considering the same coordinate system. However, to analyze other conditions of mass distribution and maintain the simplicity of a global mass matrix, it is necessary to determine again the hydrodynamic coefficients, thereby reducing the efficiency of the entire process. Another important point is that the geometries frequently used in floating units are such that the cross-terms of an added mass are relatively unimportant when compared with the main terms, and it is, therefore, common to use only some of them to analyze the unit's dynamic behavior. Recently, however, in the search for production systems suitable for water depths greater than 3000 m, other geometries have been considered in technical and economic feasibility studies. It is possible that for these new geometries all terms of the added mass matrix must be included in the analysis. This paper presents the full development used to determine the complete global mass matrix, the inertial and hydrodynamic inertial loads that make use of the added mass matrices considering any coordinate system and the six degrees of freedom, including all cross-terms.     

Estimating the geostrophic velocity obtained by HF radar observations in the upstream area of the Kuroshio

A method to extract geostrophic current in the daily mean HF radar data in the Kuroshio upstream region is established by comparison with geostrophic velocity determined from the along-track altimetry data. The estimated Ekman current in the HF velocity is 1.2% (1.5%) and 48° (38°)-clockwise rotated with respect to the daily mean wind in (outside) the Kuroshio. Furthermore, additional temporal smoothing is found necessary to remove residual ageostrophic currents such as the inertial oscillation. After removal of the ageostrophic components, the HF geostrophic velocity agrees well with that from the altimetry data with rms difference 0.14 (0.12) m/s in (outside) the Kuroshio.     

GPS、GLONASS、GALILEO三大系统间时间系统以及坐标系统的转换

在当今的三大定位导航系统中,它们各自用着自己的时间标准和坐标框架,这使得我们在进行多样数据处理与数据融合时很不方便。这就需要我们对此三个系统的时间系统以及坐标系统进行有效的转换,本文就是基于这样的需求,详细介绍并分析了此三大系统中各自的时间系统与坐标系统,通过对多方资料的综合、推证与计算,综合得出GPS、GLONASS以及GALILEO三大系统间的时间转换方法及坐标转换模型与公式。而且,这些转换公式与方法所得出的结果是完全能满足绝大多数用户的精度需求的。     

城市框架数据的更新模式及应用研究

分析了利用竣工测量数据、VRS技术及高分辨率影像更新城市框架数据三种模式的可行性,给出了适合青岛地区框架数据的更新方案.     

重力辅助惯性导航中重力归算的垂直梯度计算

重力辅助惯性导航技术是利用地球物理特征信息数据—重力来完成水下运动载体的辅助导航与定位。为了实现水下运动载体上重力传感器输出的实测重力信息与重力数据库中存储的重力信息之间的匹配,首先必须将这两类数据归算到一个平面。本文研究分析了重力归算中重力垂直梯度求解的各种方法;探讨了不同数值积分区域对扰动重力垂直梯度精度的影响;并通过计算分析,提出了可以直接以重力异常垂直梯度代替扰动重力垂直梯度来求取重力垂直梯度。     

基于ICCP算法的重力辅助惯性导航

迭代最近等值线算法(ICCP)是一种重要的匹配导航算法,文中首先介绍ICCP算法的基本原理,随后在0.2′×0.2′重力异常数据库的基础上,利用ICCP算法进行仿真计算得到最佳匹配位置。最后为了验证匹配位置是否可用于修正惯导误差,提出将匹配位置误差作为观测量,用卡尔曼滤波对惯导系统误差进行最优估计。由最后的仿真结果可以看出,ICCP算法可有效抑制惯导纬度误差的增长,且最大纬度误差不超过2,′以匹配位置误差作为观测量可以用来估计惯导方位误差角。     

惯性／双星组合导航系统的滤波与仿真

介绍了惯性导航系统和双星导航系统各自的运行方式和优缺点；详细推导了组合导航系统的误差方程和量测方程；介绍了Kalman滤波的整个过程并最后进行了仿真计算。仿真结果显示，惯性导航系统和双星导航系统的组合弥补了各自的不足，具有较好的精度和可靠性。