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Mikhail Batygov 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,99(1-4):183-192
The possibility of terrestrial antineutrino directionality studies is considered for future unloaded liquid scintillator detectors.
Monte-Carlo simulations suggest that the measurable displacement between prompt and delayed antineutrino signals makes such
studies possible. However, it is estimated that on the order of 1000 terrestrial antineutrino events are required to test
the simplest models, demanding detectors of 100 kt size to collect sufficient data in a reasonable period of time. 相似文献
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S. T. Dye E. Guillian J. G. Learned J. Maricic S. Matsuno S. Pakvasa G. Varner M. Wilcox 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,99(1-4):241-252
We consider the detector size, location, depth, background, and radio-purity required of a mid-Pacific deep-ocean instrument
to accomplish the twin goals of making a definitive measurement of the electron anti-neutrino flux due to uranium and thorium
decays from Earth’s mantle and core, and of testing the hypothesis for a natural nuclear reactor at the core of Earth. We
take the experience with the KamLAND detector in Japan as our baseline for sensitivity and background estimates. We conclude
that an instrument adequate to accomplish these tasks should have an exposure of at least 10 kilotonne-years (kT-y), should
be placed at least at 4 km depth, may be located close to the Hawaiian Islands (no significant background from them), and
should aim for KamLAND radio-purity levels, except for radon where it should be improved by a factor of at least 100. With
an exposure of 10 kT-y we should achieve a 25% measurement of the flux of U/Th neutrinos from the mantle plus core. Exposure
at multiple ocean locations for testing lateral heterogeneity is possible. 相似文献
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Jelena Maricic 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,99(1-4):147-153
A natural nuclear fission reactor operating in the center of the Earth has been proposed by Herndon (Hollenbach and Herndon,
2001) as the energy source that powers the geo-magnetic field. The upper limit on the expected geo-reactor power is set by
the estimated 12 TW (Buffett, 2003) heat flow from the Earth’s core. If it exists, a nuclear reactor of that size emits a
strong anti-neutrino flux. Emitted electron anti-neutrinos can be detected by the Kamioka liquid scintillator anti-neutrino
detector (KamLAND) (Raghavan, 2002), and the geo-reactor power level is proporional to the anti-neutrino emission rate. KamLAND
measures the geo-reactor power as a constant positive offset in detected anti-neutrino rate on top of the varying anti-neutrino
rate coming from man-made reactors. Here we present the first attempt to measure the geo-reactor power. Based on a 776 ton-year
exposure of KamLAND to electron anti-neutrinos, the detected flux corresponds to (6 ± 6) TW. The upper limit on the geo-reactor
power at 90% confidence level is 18 TW, which is below the lower limit of the total Earth’s radiogenic heat, estimated to
be between 19 and 31TW (Anderson, 2003). 相似文献
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