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CHEN Jingliang The Northwest Institute of Hydraulic Research ZHAO Keyu The Northwest Institute of Hydraulic Research 《国际泥沙研究》1992,(3)
In order to preserve the storage capacity of the Nanqin Reservoir for long-term service, several remedial measures have been worked out: (a) measures to control the upstream extension of backwater deposits and to prevent gravel bed load from entering into the reservoir, so that no armour layer will be formed; (b) sediment sluicing by density current to reduce deposits of suspended load; (c) periodical sediment flushing by emptying reservoir to restore the effective storage capacity. In addition, conceptions of flood plain elevation in reservoir, storage volume required in the routing of turbid flow (density flow), the storage capacity that can be restored after being lost by deposition, and the storage volume for sediment regulation are also discussed. 相似文献
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Data from the magnetometer MAG aboard the Venus Express S/C are investigated for the occurrence of cyclotron wave phenomena upstream of the Venus bow shock. For an unmagnetized planet such as Venus and Mars the neutral exosphere extends into the on-flowing solar wind and pick-up processes can play an important role in the removal of particles from the atmosphere. At Mars upstream proton cyclotron waves were observed but at Venus they were not yet detected. From the MAG data of the first 4 months in orbit we report the occurrence of proton cyclotron waves well upstream from the planet, both outside and inside of the planetary foreshock region; pick-up protons generate specific cyclotron waves already far from the bow shock. This provides direct evidence that the solar wind is removing hydrogen from the Venus exosphere. Determining the role the solar wind plays in the escape of particles from the total planetary atmosphere is an important step towards understanding the evolution of the environmental conditions on Venus. The continual observations of the Venus Express mission will allow mapping the volume of escape more accurately, and determine better the present rate of hydrogen loss. 相似文献
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以西辽河红山水库修建后上游河道调整为例,说明了除来水来沙等的变化所引起的河流系统调整外,存在由于河流系统可调要素之间的相互联系,相互作用,在水库水位上升后造成的溯源淤积发展中,主、支流河道、上、下游河段冲淤相互影响,槽,滩淤积相互转换,地生态系统调整的影响下,产生的可调要素的复杂多向的调整过程。 相似文献
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运用热流、地温梯度及温泉等资料,划分了黄河上游地区的地热异常区,讨论了地热与构造及地震的关系。认为断裂构造及深部热源是地热异常的主要成因;在空间上,强震分布与热异常区的分布呈相关关系。 相似文献
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We present two case studies of cluster encounters with foreshock cavities. For one event, we are able, for the first time, to accurately relate the observation of a foreshock cavity to the measured position of the bow shock. This allows us to compute the shock angle, a vital parameter in models of foreshock cavity formation, with greater confidence than any previous study. This cavity appears to be elongated along the magnetic field and we use the multispacecraft nature of the Cluster mission to constrain its field-parallel and -perpendicular extent. We show that this event is embedded within a region of field-aligned ion beams. This is the first time a foreshock cavity has been shown to be surrounded by foreshock ion beams. A second foreshock cavity is associated with a small rotation in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We show that this event appears on the boundary between an interval when the spacecraft were inside the ion foreshock, and an excursion upstream. This is the first report of a foreshock cavity observed during the traversal of the global foreshock. This second event has some features expected from the new Sibeck et al. (2008) model of cavities as brief encounters with a spatial boundary in the global foreshock. 相似文献
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Application of an Explicit Upstream FEM in Estuary Study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
GENG Zhaoquan NI Yongqiang PAN Cunhong ZHU Junzheng
Senior Engineer Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Estuarine Coastal Engineering Research Hangzhou P.R. China
Engineer Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Estuarine Coastal Engineering Research Hangzhou P. R. China 《中国海洋工程》1999,(3)
The Explicit Upstream FEM(EU-FEM)proposed in this paper not only possesses the advan-tages of saving memory and CPU time for FDM,but also fits boundary easily,arranges nodal points flexiblyand makes local grids fine down conveniently.The software package,which consists of EU-FEM models andpre/post-processing skills,has been widely used to estuary,near-shore,bay,lake and complex waters withmany islands and channels.In addition to flow field,this model can be used to calculate the distributionfields of pollutants,temperature,salinity,sediment,and oil spill,and can be used to case study of estuaryregulation projects.Some practical applications are presented and some problems discussed. 相似文献
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利用近7年的Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)重力卫星资料,采用改进的滑动窗去相关滤波和扇形滤波技术计算了红水河上游区域的重力变化,结果显示红水河上游区域重力场有明显的上升趋势.利用Global Land Data Assimilation Systems (GLDAS)土壤湿度模型计算了地表水对重力场的影响,结果表明土壤湿度变化对重力场的影响主要表现为季节变化特征, 对该地区重力上升趋势的变化并没有明显的贡献.扣除土壤湿度影响之后的剩余重力变化曲线显示,在2006年9月前后该地区剩余重力有一约2.17 μGal的重力抬升.报道资料和水库储水量模拟结果表明,这一重力抬升与我国在建第三大水电站——龙滩水电站水库蓄水有关.这一结果说明GRACE卫星不仅能够反映大尺度的季节变化信息,而且能够为监测大型水库水储量变化提供近实时的空间对地测量资料. 相似文献
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J. afrnkov Z. Nme
ek L. Pech A.A. Samsonov A. Koval K. Andreov 《Planetary and Space Science》2007,55(15):2324-2329
Fast forward interplanetary (IP) shocks have been identified as a source of large geomagnetic disturbances. However, the shocks can evolve in the solar wind, they are modified by interaction with the bow shock and during their propagation through the magnetosheath. A few previous papers refer the inclination and deceleration of the IP shock front in this region. Our contribution continues this effort and presents the study of an IP shock interaction with the bow shock. Since the bow shock is a reversed fast shock, the interaction of the IP shock and bow shock is a problem of interaction of two fast MHD shocks.
We compare profiles of magnetic field and plasma parameters observed by several spacecraft in the solar wind and magnetosheath with the profiles of the same parameters resulting from the MHD numerical model. The MHD model suggests that the interaction of an IP shock with the bow shock results in an inward bow shock displacement that is followed by its outward motion. Such motion will result in an indentation propagating along the bow shock surface. This scenario is confirmed by multipoint observations. Moreover, the model confirms also previous suggestions on the IP shock deceleration in the magnetosheath. 相似文献