The HNCO ring in the Sgr B2 region

The large-scale structure associated with the 2′N HNCO peak in Sgr B2 [Minh, Y.C., Haikala, L., Hjalmarson, Å., Irvine, W.M., 1998. ApJ 498, 261 (Paper I)] has been investigated. A ring-like morphology of the HNCO emission has been found; this structure may be colliding with the Principal Cloud of Sgr B2. This “HNCO Ring” appears to be centered at (l,b) = (0.7°,−0.07°), with a radius of 5 pc and a total mass of 1.0 × 10⁵ to 1.6 × 10⁶ M. The expansion velocity of the Ring is estimated to be 30–40 km s⁻¹, which gives an expansion time scale of 1.5 × 10⁵ year. The morphology suggests that collision between the Ring and the Principal Cloud may be triggering the massive star formation in the Sgr B2 cloud sequentially, with the latest star formation taking place at the 2′N position. The chemistry related to HNCO is not certain yet, but if it forms mainly via reaction with the evaporated OCN⁻ from icy grain mantles, the observed enhancement of the HNCO abundance can be understood as resulting from shocks associated with the collision between the Principal Cloud and the expanding HNCO Ring.     

实验研究不同盐离子对水分子拉曼效应的影响

对流体包裹体中常见的几种盐水溶液进行了拉曼光谱分析.采用了频移参数描述水分子拉曼峰的形变强度,并讨论了频移参数与盐度之间的关系.实验分析结果表明,盐度越大,频移参数越大,水分子拉曼峰形变越大.对频移参数曲线斜率分析显示,盐类对水分子拉曼峰偏移程度影响的强弱顺序为NaCl＞Na2SO4＞NaHCO3＞Na2CO3.讨论了不同阳离子和阴离子对水伸缩振动拉曼峰的影响,结果表明,高价阳离子的影响明显高于低价阳离子;而阴离子对水拉曼峰影响的强弱顺序初步确定为Cl-≈SO2-4-＞HCO-3＞CO2-3≈NO-3.     

从平衡-封闭-静态转向非平衡-开放-动力学研究-热液矿床成因的若干新概念概述

热液金属矿床成因研究过程中,观测与实验始终是密切结合的。上世纪70年代,平衡热力学的实验数据的快速积累,使人们用热力学理论计算可以预测和反演矿石和岩石的成因。但是,没有矿物-水溶液的反应速率数据,又没有与流体力学的结合,搞清楚矿石成因是困难的。七、八十年代,开始研究矿物与水溶液的反应动力学实验。科学家们开始瞄准了从平衡-封闭-静态转向非平衡-开放-动力学研究的这个大方向。1992年我们建立地球化学动力学开放研究实验室。研究高温高压矿物与水反应速率,发现固液的开放体系的自组织现象。实验发现温度影响矿物的各个元素反应速率改变,发现在跨越水临界态时矿物与水反应速率涨落、在近临界的气-液两相不混溶区一些金属进入气相、超临界流体的氧化作用及特别的溶剂性能影响矿物溶解性质。实验证实:临界态区流体与矿石成因有关。水岩相互作用的反应动力学实验温度从低温到550度,揭示矿石的金属来源、迁移、金属与蚀变分带机制。一大批大于300度的矿物与水反应动力学实验在国际界是少有报道的。九十年代,超高压的科学发展,与同步辐射光源的技术进步的结合,使固体地球科学又迈向了地球深内部。我们发展了高温高压流体性质的原位直测(测量850℃水溶液)红外谱,发现深部流体的新性质:气液两相流体的新结构,在临界温度区(300~400℃),水分子氢键网络的破坏受压力影响不大(23MPa~3GPa),同时,出现水的高电导率。研发新仪器为开放-流动-非平衡的反应动力学实验与极端条件下物质性质的直接观测结合,在科学前沿领域开辟了创新道路。     

打结高分子链穿孔行为的研究

以三叶草型结(即3₁结)为例,采用分子动力学(MD)方法,研究打结高分子链在外场力作用下穿越微孔的动力学过程.模拟发现,在拉动打结高分子链的过程中,结的大小呈涨落变化,直至最后散结.定性讨论了结的存在对高分子链穿孔速率的影响.在外场力作用下,打结高分子链平均穿孔时间(τ)与链长(N)满足标度关系τ~N^α,其中标度系数α随外场力f增大而增大.对于短链,外场力越大,平均穿孔时间越短;     

极性分子型电流变液导电机理研究

极性分子型电流变液是一种新型的电流变材料.其介电颗粒上吸附极性分子,极性分子在颗粒间强局域电场作用下发生取向是产生巨电流变效应的关键.通过对Ca—Ti—O(CTO)体系极性分子型电流变液电流密度的测量发现,其导电行为遵从Poole-Frenkel效应的规律,这是极性分子型电流变液的重要特征之一.而500 ℃处理过的CTO粉体不含极性分子,所配制的电流变液无巨电流变效应,其电流密度随外电场强度近似地呈线性关系,显示出传统电流变液特性.     

A search for high-velocity gas in massive star formation regions

From the IRAS-PSC, 97 sources with steep FIR spectrum and another 8 were chosen for a search for high-velocity gas. Observations of the CO (J =1−0) line were made with the 13.3-m telescope at the Qinghai Station. The results show that 102 sources are associated with molecular gas. 9 of the sources have reference position problem and 21 have multiple spectrum. Of the remaining 72, 29 contain high-velocity gas, and of these 18 are new molecular outflow candidates. Their properties are discussed briefly in connection with massive young stellar objects.     

海尔—波普彗星的CO（J=1—0）谱线的观测

使用紫金山天文台青海观测站13．7米毫米波射电望远镜,于1996年12月10日至1997年1月2日和1997年3月25日至1997年4月4日对海尔－波普彗星的CO分子J＝1—0转动跃迁谱线（频率为115．27120GHz）进行了观测．观测谱线表明,CO分子相对于地心的速度比彗星整体相对于地心的速度要小些,即有蓝移现象．这反映了CO分子是由该彗星迎着太阳的面以一定的速度产生出来的．从观测谱线中还初步估算了该彗星CO分子的产生速率．     

金属活动态提取法及其在黑龙江大兴安岭森林覆盖区的应用

介绍了金属活动态的理论依据、成晕机制及提取方法,并应用金属活动态提取法在大兴安岭原始森林覆盖区对已知矿进行试验研究,发现在高寒森林覆盖区,利用金的水提取态异常强度低,异常不明显,而金的粘土结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态异常清晰地反映在矿体上方,异常强度居于中等。金的有机质结合态异常值虽然高,但容易受有机质在样品中颗粒大小等因素的影响而使异常出现多个峰值。总之,利用金属活动态提取法在高寒森林覆盖区进行找矿可以快速有效地确定异常,但要注意排除过多有机杂质在提取过程中的影响。     

星际分子正—NH3和He的超精细跃迁碰撞截面和速率系数的理论计算

本文采用Ｒ矩阵传播方法，通过求解ＣＳ近似下的耦合方程，计算了星际分子云条件下正－ＮＨ３分子和Ｈｅ碰撞的超精细跃迁碰撞截面和速率系数，为研究天体的信息提供需用的基础数据。     

Coordination of water molecules with Na+ cations in a beryl channel as determined by polarized IR spectroscopy

Subtle variations of frequencies in the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of beryl have been predicted based on the coordination between extra-framework cations and water molecules in two orientations (referred to as type I and type II) trapped within the channel. In this study, the polarized IR spectra of hydrated synthetic beryl and natural beryl were measured to clarify the relationships between the frequencies of the absorption bands and the coordination states of type II water. Na⁺ was assumed to be the predominant cation coordinated to type II water in our samples, as determined by chemical analyses. These measurements revealed a clear quantitative linear relationship in absorbance between bands at 3,602 and 1,619 and at 3,589 and 1,631 cm⁻¹. On the basis of experimental and theoretical studies, we assigned these pairs of bands to the ν₁ and ν₂ modes of doubly coordinated type II H₂O and to singly coordinated type II H₂O, respectively. These assignments were supported by IR measurements of annealed natural beryl. We also conducted dehydration studies of natural beryl, in which two observed dehydration peaks, at 600 and 750°C, suggested the dehydration of type I and type II water, respectively.