The HNCO ring in the Sgr B2 region

The large-scale structure associated with the 2′N HNCO peak in Sgr B2 [Minh, Y.C., Haikala, L., Hjalmarson, Å., Irvine, W.M., 1998. ApJ 498, 261 (Paper I)] has been investigated. A ring-like morphology of the HNCO emission has been found; this structure may be colliding with the Principal Cloud of Sgr B2. This “HNCO Ring” appears to be centered at (l,b) = (0.7°,−0.07°), with a radius of 5 pc and a total mass of 1.0 × 10⁵ to 1.6 × 10⁶ M. The expansion velocity of the Ring is estimated to be 30–40 km s⁻¹, which gives an expansion time scale of 1.5 × 10⁵ year. The morphology suggests that collision between the Ring and the Principal Cloud may be triggering the massive star formation in the Sgr B2 cloud sequentially, with the latest star formation taking place at the 2′N position. The chemistry related to HNCO is not certain yet, but if it forms mainly via reaction with the evaporated OCN⁻ from icy grain mantles, the observed enhancement of the HNCO abundance can be understood as resulting from shocks associated with the collision between the Principal Cloud and the expanding HNCO Ring.     

Wolf-Rayet stars

Summary Recent literature on Population I Wolf-Rayet star research extending from the Milky Way to blue compact dwarf galaxies is reviewed, broken down into inventory, basic parameters and galactic distribution, atmospheres, binaries, intrinsic variability, mass loss, enrichment and evolution. Also the incidence of Wolf-Rayet stars with variable non-thermal radio emission, excess X-ray fluxes, and episodic/periodic IR excesses is reviewed. These phenomena appear to be associated with wind-wind interaction in wide long-period WR+OB binaries and with wind-compact object interaction in WR+c binaries, with orbit sizes of the order of magnitude of the WR radio photosphere sizes or larger.     

星际A型CH_3CH－H_2含超精细能级的碰撞跃迁速率系数的理论计算

本文作者利用ＩＯＳ近似模型，计算了星际分子云条件下Ａ型ＣＨ３ＣＮ－Ｈ２含超精细能级的碰撞跃迁速率系数。温度范围是２０Ｋ－１４０Ｋ。为研究分子云与恒星形成区的物理、化学性质提供了有用的基础分子数据。     

The project “spice”

Proposed to both the French and the European Space Agency as one possible small mission, SPICE is a project for a dedicated small satellite for a near-IR spectroscopic all-sky survey. The instrument would cover the spectral range 1.8 - 3.6µm, possibly extended to 1.8 - 7µm, at a resolution of 100, with pixels of 1 arc-min. The excellent sensitivity (0.02 MJy sr-1) results from: i) the quasi-zero level of background due to the efficient passive cooling of the whole experiment; ii) the use of large format arrays; iii) the non-stop observing mode (drift-scanning). The spectral domain, complementing the one of ISO, partially opaque from the ground, is specially rich in spectral features tracing stars and all components of the Interstellar Medium (molecular, atomic and ionized gas, dust). With a cooling below 80 K of the focal instrument, then it becomes possible to consider doubling the spectral domain and to cover the whole 1.8 - 7µm range.     

1—3年强震危险区预测的指标体系

强震危险区预测是当前地震预报中的重要课题之一。笔者以预警活断层、预警活断层分段研究解决断层活动的时间和空间尺度为主线，配合地震活动动态分析、地震波介质特征早期信息、近场趋势性前兆异常和危险性概率预测，确定了判别几年尺度强震危险区的指标。在“八五”地震科技课题研究过程中，圈这了范围不超过１００００ｋｍ＾２的５个强震危险区，已成功地对１９９３年１０月２日若羌６．６级地震、１９９５年５月２日乌苏５．８级     

Voluntarism,defensive localism and spaces of resistance to health care restructuring

This paper examines the evolving role of volunteers and the voluntary sector in shaping community responses to structural change in health care systems. It contributes to the emerging understanding of the different forms voluntarism can take within and among places, including as a space of resistance to contemporary restructuring initiatives such as regionalization. Within the geographies of voluntarism literature, however, little attention has been directed towards interrogating the local dynamics of such voluntarism, especially as it is reflected in public discourse. We address this deficiency through a media-based case study of public reaction to the recent implementation of Ontario’s Local Health Integration Networks (a type of regional health authority). Specifically, we examine a decade of newspaper coverage in a mid-size Canadian city region to document and characterize how the activities of volunteers and voluntary sector organizations in the community are portrayed in light of the structural imperatives to integrate health care services and regionalize health care governance. The media findings reveal a suite of public concerns and related activities, with the voluntary sector called upon in various ways to defend the autonomy of the community against the perceived threats to local services, employment and vulnerable populations. We interpret the evident complexity of voluntary sector resistance as a form of ‘defensive localism’ and discuss implications for developing informed policy on health care restructuring and for advancing knowledge on the local geographies of voluntarism.     

地震信息融媒体公共服务研究

地震信息传播已进入实时、全面、多维的公共服务时代，单一媒体地震信息服务已无法满足政府、社会公众和地震行业需求，地震信息向融媒体公共服务模式发展。本文对地震信息内容服务需求及特点、地震媒体平台功能特色、融合式媒体信息服务模式等进行分析，对地震信息融媒体公共服务进行研究，旨在提高地震信息服务效率与用户满意度，促进地震信息化建设科学、健康发展。     

基于融媒体技术的地震专业知识服务系统设计与应用

基于融媒体技术的地震专业知识服务系统是服务社会工程科技、地震及相关行业的专业信息平台，具有信息集成、科学技术创新、集管理与决策于一体的特点。本文论述了该服务系统的设计模式特点、服务内容及对象、系统技术架构和功能，并对其未来应用及发展方向进行讨论。     

Driving Galactic Turbulence by Supernova Explosions

We investigate the general properties of supernova driven interstellar turbulence using local three-dimensional MHD simulations under Galactic conditions. Our model includes the effects of large-scale shear due to Galactic differential rotation, density stratification, compressibility, magnetic fields, heating via supernova explosions and parameterized radiative cooling of the interstellar medium. In addition to investigating isolated supernova explosions we allow for multiple supernovae distributed randomly in the Galactic disc and exponentially in the vertical direction. Single supernova explosions drive a strong shock, the lifetime of which is approximately 2 Myr in our model. This stage is found to be characterized by a kinetic energy spectrum in the diffuse gas with spectral index consistent with k = –2. Large-scale shear and Coriolis force act on the supernova remnant producing some vorticity inside it, but this process was found to be very weak. In the case of multiple supernova explosions, older remnants have an important role causing density fluctuations in the interstellar medium. In this clumpy medium, the propagation velocity of the shock fronts changes due to the changing density, and vorticity is generated. In the absence of these supernova interactions the kinetic energy spectrum shows a relatively wide shock spectrum with spectral index k = –2, but when the supernova interactions become dominant the classical k = –5/3 spectrum is observed.     

Climate change in news media across the globe: An automated analysis of issue attention and themes in climate change coverage in 10 countries (2006–2018)

Climate change poses a challenge to countries across the world, with news media being an important source of information on the issue. To understand how and how much news media cover climate change, this study compares coverage in ten countries from the Global North and the Global South between 2006 and 2018 (N = 71,674). Based on a panel analysis, we illustrate that news media attention varies across countries and is often associated with political, scientific, and (partly) societal focusing events. Based on an automated content analysis, we also find that news media do not only cover ecological changes or climate science, but that they focus predominantly on the societal dimension of climate change: They emphasize how humans are aware of, affected by, battle, or cause climate change. Overall, the study illustrates important differences between the Global North and the Global South. While countries from the Global North cover climate change more frequently, countries from the Global South focus more on its challenges and implications for society at large, i.e., the societal dimension of climate change.