渤、黄、东海内潮的数值模拟

在全球的海洋中,中国东海和临近海域是最显著的内潮生成地之一。本文采用NODC(Levitus) World Ocean Atlas 1998提供的季平均温、盐资料,计算海水的密度,并计算垂向密度梯度的最大值点,得到一个较符合海水实际的密度分层。使用三维非线性数值模型(将海洋分为2层)研究了潮汐(M2,S2,K1,O1分潮)作用下渤黄东海的内潮,揭示了整个海区内潮起伏的空间分布,结果发现大振幅的波动均发生在台湾东北(冲绳海槽)海域和中国近海地形突变之处,其中前者更显著。对于各分潮模拟得到的表面潮与TOPEX/Poseidon高度计资料基本一致。研究结果表明上层海水的深度和厚度的梯度对内潮有一定的影响;冬季分布区域比夏季小,强度比夏季大。     

冰盖下矩形河道的综合糙率

综合糙率是采用曼宁公式确定河道水位和流量关系的关键参数。在河道冰封期,冰盖的出现增加了流动的阻力,明流条件下确定的综合糙率不再适用,需要重新估算。基于Einstein阻力划分过流断面的原理,冰盖下矩形河道的过水断面可划分为冰盖区、河床区和边壁区。根据总流的连续性方程,在确定各分区糙率系数、水力半径和断面面积的基础上,提出了冰盖下矩形河道综合糙率的计算公式。采用已有的试验水槽测量数据和天然河道实测资料对公式进行了验证,结果表明:公式计算的综合糙率与实测值吻合较好,与Einstein公式和Sabaneev公式相比,计算精度更高;对于冰封水流,宽浅河道采用分区水深代替水力半径进行简化计算的条件有别于明渠水流,在宽深比大于20时,计算结果才满足精度要求。     

具有随机扰动和混合时滞的两层异质网络的同步研究

在现实生活中,很多复杂的系统不是由单个网络来表示,而是由一组相互依赖的网络系统来表示的.本文研究了具有随机扰动和混合时滞的两层异质网络的对应节点的同步控制问题.基于随机微分时滞方程的LaSalle不变原理和Lyapunov稳定性理论,采用牵制控制方法,对部分节点实施控制,给出了实现同步的充分条件.为了降低反馈控制的增益,结合自适应控制的方法,进一步弱化了两层异质网络实现同步的条件.最后,通过数值仿真,验证了理论结果的有效性.     

Second-order random interfacial wave solutions for two-layer fluid with a free surface

1 Introduction Interfacial waves travelling along the interface between two fluids of different densities can be often observed in subsurface layers of the ocean since the upper subsurface layer is warmer over much of the o- cean (Umeyama, 2002). They are…     

Long baroclinic Rossby waves with periods of about 500d near 20°N in the northwest Pacific Ocean

On the basis of maps of sea level anomalies data set from October 1992 to January 2004, pronounced low frequency variations with periods of about 500 d are detected in the area near 20°N from 160°W to 130°E. A linear two-layer model is employed to explain the mechanism. It is found that the first-mode long baroclinic Rossby waves at 20°N in the northwest Pacific propagate westward in the form of free waves at a speed of about 10.3 cm/s. This confirms that the observed low frequency variabilities appear as baroclinic Rossby waves. It further shows that these low frequency variabilities around 20°N in the northwest Pacific can potentially be predicted with a lead up to 900 d.     

内孤立波作用下Spar平台动力响应特性

以三类内孤立波理论(Kd V、e Kd V和MCC)的适用性条件为依据,采用Morison和傅汝德-克雷洛夫公式分别计算Spar平台内孤立波水平力和垂向力,结合时域有限位移运动方程,建立了有限深两层流体中内孤立波与带分段式系泊索Spar平台相互作用的理论模型。以东沙群岛某海域实测内孤立波为对象,数值分析了在内孤立波作用下某经典式Spar平台的内孤立波动态载荷、运动响应及其系泊张力的变化特性。研究表明,内孤立波不仅会对Spar平台产生突发性冲击载荷,使其产生大幅度水平漂移运动,而且还会使其系泊张力显著增大。因此,在Spar平台等深海平台的设计应用中,内孤立波的影响不可忽视。     

有限深两层流体内孤立波非线性数值模拟入口边界条件研究

基于有限深两层流体KdV(Korteweg-de Vries)、eKdV(extended KdV)和MCC(Miyata-Choi-Camassa)理论,以内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度为入口边界条件,采用理想流体完全非线性欧拉方程,建立了两层流体中内孤立波生成的CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟方法。以系列数值模拟结果为依据,结合内孤立波非线性和色散参数的组合条件,给出了选择合适内孤立波理论解作为CFD数值模拟入口边界条件的方法,从而实现了振幅与波形可控的内孤立波完全非线性数值模拟。     

Characteristics of eigen-system for flexural gravity wave problems

For a class of boundary value problems associated with flexural gravity waves, characteristics of the eigen-system are analysed which are used to study the convergence of the expansion formulae in both cases of single and two layer fluids in water of finite and infinite depths. Using Green’s function technique, the spectral representations of the vertical eigenfunctions are obtained which are used along with the orthogonal mode-coupling relations to prove the convergence of the expansion formulae. Using the expansion formulae flexural gravity wave scattering due to multiple articulations in the presence of compression are investigated. The problem is studied in both the cases of single-layer and two-layer fluids in finite water depth. Effects of compressive force, stiffness of the connectors, length of the elastic plates and water depth, position of interface on wave scattering by articulated plates are studied by analysing the reflection and transmission coefficients. This procedure of proving the convergence of expansion formulae is independent of water depth. The concept and methodology for dealing with wave-structure interaction problems discussed here can be generalised to deal with problems of similar nature arising in the broad area of mathematical physics and engineering.     

双层地基水平受荷桩受力变形分析

基于双层地基中的水平受荷桩的特性,对其受力变形进行了分析。将水平受荷桩视为竖直放置的弹性地基梁,基于Winkler弹性地基梁理论,考虑桩土共同工作得到水平受荷桩位移控制微分方程及其幂级数解答,进而根据内力与位移的连续条件得到了由桩顶受力及变形条件表示任一深度处桩身的水平位移、转角、弯矩及剪力的计算矩阵表达式。通过一具体算例将幂级数解计算结果与《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》推荐的简化计算公式计算结果进行了比较。结果表明：当第1层地基土的厚度在某一定值时,《规范》简化计算方法所得结果与幂级数解接近;但当层厚不在该值附近时,两个方法计算结果存在差异。     

砂-黏土双层地基极限承载力的数值研究

在实际工程中,常见天然的或通过人工换填形成的上部砂土、下部黏土的层状地基,目前关于这种双层地基极限承载力和破坏机制研究还不够深入。通过有限差分法建立双层地基数值模型,分析基底粗糙程度、砂土剪胀角和超载对地基破坏模式及极限承载力的影响,并根据有限差分法计算结果对强度加权平均法、应力扩散法和冲剪破坏法等现有实用计算方法的估算正确性进行评价。研究结果表明,基底粗糙程度对极限承载力的影响随着砂土内摩擦角的增大而减小;当剪胀角较小时,剪胀角变化对承载力的影响更为明显;当下层黏土强度较小时,超载的作用更明显。强度加权平均法由于低估破坏面影响深度导致砂土层权重较大,计算结果偏大;应力扩散法忽略了砂土剪切强度,在砂土层较厚时出现低估;冲剪破坏法由于可较为精确地计算砂土破坏面上抗剪强度和被动土压力,是3种实用方法中计算最准确的,当砂土厚度和黏土强度较大时,建议按太沙基经验公式对下卧黏土进行局部剪切破坏修正后确定极限承载力。