DELFT 3D在离岸人工岛建设中的应用——以海南岛万宁日月湾人工岛为例

离岸建设人工岛是围填海的重要方式之一。人工岛的建设势必改变工程区的水动力条件、泥沙输运格局与海岸演变状况。选取合理的平面布置方案,减少工程建设对海岸环境的负面影响,是人工岛建设能否成功的关键因素。以海南岛万宁日月湾人工岛建设为例,利用DELFT 3D模型系统,研究原场与不同平面布置方案后的波浪传播、波生流、泥沙输运与岸滩演变,探讨不同人工岛方案岛后形成连岛坝(Tombolo)或突出体(Salient)的可能性及泥沙淤积体积的大小,分析不同方案的优劣。研究表明,不同人工岛方案因为其大小、离岸距离及所处位置的差异,对岛后的波浪传播、波生流、泥沙输运与地形冲淤演变产生不同的影响。人工岛离岸距离越远、所处位置水深越大,人工岛在波峰线上的投影长度越短,形成连岛坝的可能性越小。     

土地利用变化对芝罘连岛沙坝附近海岸带的影响

在RS,GIS技术支持下,经过遥感影像解译获取了研究区1979,1989,1997和2007年4个典型时期土地利用信息,通过对土地利用变化分析,表明近30a来建设用地始终大幅增长,耕地一直大量减少,养殖池和河漫滩从无到有,其他地类呈波动式变化。在快速城市化进程中人类活动对芝罘连岛沙坝附近海岸带产生了深刻影响：其土地利用...     

长岛连岛坝两侧海域海水水质比较研究

长期以来,连接南北长山岛的大坝一直被视为导致其西侧庙岛塘海域水质恶化的重要原因,但这种推断并没有得到证实。通过分析2007年9月和11月2次海水水质调查数据,比较了连岛坝两侧海域的水质环境。对比分析结果表明,连岛坝西侧半封闭海域海水质量较东侧开放海域略差,但不同类的水质因子表现完全不同。研究认为,拆除南北长山岛间的连岛坝,促进连岛坝两侧海水交换,可降低西侧海域的部分海水水质因子的浓度,从而对改善其水质环境起到一定的作用。但单纯从水质的角度看,这种作用是有限的。     

基于动力条件改变的笔架山连岛坝侵蚀原因分析

利用MIKE21软件的波浪谱模型及潮流模型对辽宁锦州大笔架山岛连岛坝海域的波浪、潮流等水动力条件进行了数值计算,并对锦州港建设前后的动力条件变化进行了分析.结果表明：锦州港的建设完全阻断了偏西向波浪对连岛坝的塑造作用,坝体的侵蚀确系单侧（偏东向）波浪作用的结果,坝体局部侵蚀严重区域形成四处明显的潮沟,潮沟处流速增大,加剧了对坝体的侵蚀.     

A comparison of reef‐protected environments in ­Western Australia: the central west and Ningaloo coasts

Variability in the regional setting and morphology of cuspate forelands on the west coast of Western Australia is examined in this paper. In accordance with this aim, principal differences in the geologic and geomorphologic setting of three prominent sites on the west coast were established and their association with historical changes and contemporary oceanographic processes was examined. The cuspate forelands investigated are Jurien Bay, Winderabandi Point and Turquoise Bay. The most significant differences in geologic setting are associated with the structure and location of an extensive offshore reef system. Morphologically, the reef alters from south to north, changing from a discontinuous ridge parallel to the shore along the central west coast, to a nearly continuous fringing reef at Ningaloo. The reefs vary in distance from the shore, being farthest in the south and closest in the north and they impound a series of inshore basins, or lagoons. The deeper southern basins are dominated by locally generated wind waves and wind‐generated currents. The shallower northern basins are most markedly affected by tidal currents and wave pumping across the reef flats. The large cuspate foreland at Jurien on the central west coast has undergone shoreline configuration change in response to changing phases of storminess as well as in response to a change in focus for sediment deposition as a result of offshore reef erosion. At Winderabandi Point on the Ningaloo coast, relict Pleistocene limestone has provided the focus for sedimentation and morphology has been controlled by a balance in refracted wave energy and nearshore currents driven by tidal and wave set‐up variability. At Turquoise Bay, where the lagoonal basin is most shallow and narrow, the morphology of the foreland suggests that it may at some stage have been migratory, but its present asymmetrical shape is maintained by strong northerly longshore drift and strong currents exiting the lagoon through a nearby gap in the reef crest. Fundamental differences between the two coastal regions include the structure of the offshore reef, processes driving flow of water within the lagoons and the role of storminess in evolution of coastal landforms. Although many questions regarding storm surge dynamics and landform change remain unanswered, this research provides a significant contribution to the understanding of the evolution of morphological systems in low‐wave‐energy protected environments. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1977—2017 年芝罘连岛沙坝地貌演变

本文基于 GIs 技术对 1977—2017 年芝罘连岛沙坝的岸线变化和海湾冲淤动态进行分析, 发现了连岛沙坝的变化情 况及其影响机制。结果表明： 在此期间, 连岛沙坝东西两侧始终处于向海推进趋势; 在快速城市化进程下导致沙坝附近的岸 线总体长度增加, 形状趋于复杂, 自然海岸消失, 人工海岸建设不断向海延伸; 通过等深线反映附近海域冲淤变化, 主要体 现在芝罘湾侧以人为干预为主, 近岸海域的港口 、码头等地侵蚀剧烈, 海湾中心呈严重片状淤积。本研究对明确人类活动、 流域水沙及水动力环境变化等对芝罘连岛坝地貌演变的影响, 以及本地区海岸带的可持续利用具有重要指导意义。     

烟台芝罘岛连岛沙坝地区全新世以来的地貌与环境演变

在前人研究成果和已有钻孔资料的基础上，通过野外观测、地貌制图、钻探、取样、年代测定和孢粉分析，对芝罘岛连岛沙坝地区全新世以来的地貌和环境演变进行了研究。结果表明，芝罘岛沙坝地区可划分为北部芝罘岛、南部基岩岬角和中部海积—冲积—风积平原3个地貌单元，其中中部堆积平原又包括西部的河口沙坝—泻湖平原和东部的连岛沙坝平原，其界线为大沽夹河河口。芝罘岛沙坝地区全新统包括5种沉积相、11种沉积亚相，它们构成海侵体系(TST)和高海面体系(HST)两种基本层序，前者形成于6000aBP前的全新世最大海侵时期，后者形成于6000aBP以来的相对海面波动时期。芝罘岛连岛沙坝北部形成于6000～5000aBP的相对海面稳定期及4000aBP以来的波动期，其下伏平台6000aBP前即己形成；沙坝南部开始形成于2300aBP前，最后成陆于300a以来，但其下伏平台在7700aBP前已形成。4000aBP以来相对海面的波动式升降及其河流、海岸地貌响应，在连岛沙坝的形成过程中起了重要作用。