纺织品中偶氮染料还原液内芳香胺的电喷雾电离质谱分析

在优化的条件下,用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)检测了多种纺织品中由偶氮染料还原获得的芳香胺。当毛细管温度为100℃、鞘气流速为25单位、进样流速为10μL/min、电压为5kV时,信号的总离子流强度高且较稳定。实验分析了19种致癌芳香胺标准溶液的二级质谱,获得了相应物质的特征碎片离子;在此基础上,建立了基于ESI-MS对毛巾、棉布等样品中芳香胺进行快速定性分析的方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性好、检测速度快等优点。     

太平洋鳕鱼脑中硫苷脂的分离纯化和分析

以太平洋鳕鱼为原料,从鳕鱼脑中分离硫苷脂,确立了提取及纯化的条件,并对硫苷脂的纯度和分子种进行分析。首先,采用氯仿/甲醇(2∶1,v/v)提取总脂。然后,依次采用氯仿/甲醇/水(7∶3∶0.3,v/v/v)洗脱硅胶柱层析,含0.2mol/L乙酸铵的氯仿/甲醇/水(30∶60∶8,v/v/v)洗脱DEAE Sephadex-A25离子交换柱层析,40%甲醇脱盐和100%甲醇洗脱反相C8柱层析,获得硫苷脂纯品。最后,利用500YMC Diol液相色谱柱(3.0mm×250mm,5μm)分离,以正己烷/异丙醇(70∶30,v/v),异丙醇/水/甲酸/氨水(100∶13∶1∶0.14,v/v/v/v)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用负电喷雾电离(ESI)和母离子扫描模式,用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法分析了鳕鱼脑硫苷脂的纯度和分子种组成,并比较了其与哺乳动物脑中硫苷脂分子种组成的异同。结果表明,本实验制得的鳕鱼脑硫苷脂纯度为90.74%,与哺乳动物类似,鳕鱼脑硫苷脂的长链碱基以鞘氨醇为主,主要分子种为d18∶1-C24∶1,但脂肪酸的羟基化程度略低,且含少量独特的分子种,如d18∶1-22∶1和d18∶2-25∶2。     

Numerical study of an oscillating smaller cylinder in the wake of an upstream larger cylinder

A numerical study of flow around two tandem cylinders with unequal diameters was carried out. The upstream larger cylinder was fixed and the downstream smaller cylinder was allowed to oscillate in the transverse direction only. Comparisons of the experimental and numerical results were made to investigate the effects of the gap ratio on the maximum vibration amplitude and vortex shedding frequency. The results showed that the vibration response of the smaller cylinder was significantly affected by the presence of the upstream larger cylinder, and resulted in greatly reduced vibration amplitudes. With an increasing gap ratio, the vibration amplitude increased. However, the magnitude was lower than that corresponding to a single cylinder (with the same diameter as that of the downstream smaller cylinder) under the same flow conditions.     

Elimination of Interferences in the Determination of Palladium,Platinum and Rhodium Mass Fractions in Moss Samples using ICP‐MS/MS

Moss samples (Pleurozium schreberi) exposed to traffic‐related emission of Pd, Pt and Rh were analysed in this study. Successful elimination of interferences was achieved in the determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in these samples using inductively coupled plasma‐tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). Based on the results, a reliable determination of Pd, Pt and Rh mass fractions in microwave‐digested moss samples was obtained using ammonia (10% NH₃ in He) in the collision/reaction cell when ¹⁰³Rh was measured either on‐mass (103→103) or with mass‐shift (103→171) and mass‐shifts for ¹⁰⁸Pd (108→159) and ¹⁹⁵Pt (195→229) were used. The ICP‐MS/MS procedure was validated using BCR‐723 (road dust) as a reference material. In addition, a good agreement between the ICP‐MS/MS results and the results obtained with cloud point extraction and quadrupole ICP‐MS was observed for the moss samples.     

Laboratory Measurements of Vortex- and Wake-Induced Vibrations of A Tandem Arrangement of Two Flexible Risers

The dynamic response of two flexible model risers in tandem arrangement immersed in a stepped current was analyzed. The risers, with an external diameter of 20 mm and a total length of 6200 mm, had an aspect ratio of 310. They were hinged to the support structure at the center-to-center distances away 3?12 times the external diameter. The top 1200 mm was exposed to a uniform current at a speed which was up to 0.9 m/s (the Reynolds number was 18000) and the rest in still water. The dynamic responses, which were obtained through the Fiber Bragg Grating strain gauges mounted on the surface, were analyzed by studying the cross-flow amplitudes and modal weights. The cross-flow vibration were observed up to the third mode, and the modal transformation from the second mode to the third mode was clearly observed. The experiment confirmed that the typical vortex-induced vibration (VIV) had occurred on the up-stream riser. But for the down-stream riser, the main excitation mechanism was wake-induced vibration (WIV). The modal transformation of WIV was more complex than that of VIV, which might be helpful for other researchers to study the interference effect.     

人/鲑降钙素嵌合基因在大肠杆菌中的串联表达

人工合成人/鲑降钙素嵌合基因,用同尾酶法构建多拷贝串联基因表达质粒pLEX-nCT(n=1,2,3,4,5)(单个降钙素基因之间用一段编码柔性连接肽的DNA连接),并在大肠杆菌GI724中表达。Western blotting结果显示,串联多肽具有人源降钙素的抗原性。     

NaCl Aerosol Particle Hygroscopicity Dependence on Mixing with Organic Compounds

Organic compounds in the atmosphere can influence the activation, growth and lifetimes of haze, fog and cloud droplets by changing the condensation and evaporation rates of liquid water by these aqueous aerosol particles. Depending on the nature and properties of the organic compounds, the change can be to enhance or reduce these rates. In this paper we used a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) to examine the effect of tetracosane, octanoic acid, and lauric acid on the hygroscopic properties of NaCl aerosol particles at relative humidities (RH) between 30 and 95%. These organic compounds have been identified in ambient aerosol particle samples. A slight lowering of the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) and suppression of hygroscopic growth for the NaCl-organic compound mixtures were observed when compared to pure NaCl particles. The growth of pure NaCl particles was 2.25 in diameter at 85% RH while the growth of the mixed particles was 1.3 to 1.7 in particle diameter at 85% RH with organic mass fraction of 30–50%. This shows that these organic compounds have to be present in rather large mass fractions to effect the hygroscopic behavior to a similar degree observed for ambient aerosol during field measurements. Despite the mixing of the organic material with NaCl, hysteresis was observed for decreasing RH histories, suggesting the formation of metastable droplets. These laboratory results are strikingly similar to ambient field results. For example, if the total organic mass fraction of the particles is between 0.30 and 0.50, the particle growth at 85% RH is about a factor of 1.4 for the laboratory and field measurements. Such reduction in growth compared to the pure inorganic salt is in contradiction to speculations concerning significant effects by organic compounds on cloud condensation nuclei and thus formation on clouds.     

不同浸没长度下串列双立管涡激振动数值模拟

深海柔性立管涡激振动问题广受关注,其中多立管涡激振动较传统单立管涡激振动更为复杂。使用基于Open FOAM自主开发的深海柔性立管流固耦合求解器viv-FOAM-SJTU,对阶梯流中串列双立管涡激振动展开研究。首先针对阶梯流中串列双立管模型试验工况开展验证计算,下游立管的位移响应以及频率响应与试验结果基本吻合;而后改变立管浸没长度,分别选取浸没长度为0.4L(工况1)、0.55L(工况2)以及0.7L(工况3)的三种工况进行数值计算,其中L为立管长度。数值结果表明:3种浸没长度下,上下游立管的横流向振动均为一阶模态,且工况2和工况3中上下游立管的横流向位移均方根均大于工况1;上下游立管的顺流向主振模态在工况2和工况3中均为二阶,而在工况1中为一阶,且下游立管在工况2和工况3中的顺流向振动均表现出明显的多模态振动特性。     

利用InSAR技术获取三峡地区的数字高程模型

利用先进的合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术，使用38幅1992～2000年间三峡地区的ERS卫星SAR图像，并利用USGS的低精度DEM，得到了该地区的DEM，与GPS高程结果对比的差值为15～128m。干涉结果表明，基线小于200m的串行数据图像对具有较好的相干性；基线大于200m、在晚春和夏季观测的串行数据图像对容易出现失相关，而几乎所有重复轨道的SAR图像对在进行配准时都不相关。为了进一步获得三峡地区较高精度的数字高程模型，在该地区建立了角反射器，为研究和监测三峡地质灾害与地壳运动奠定了良好的基础。